The situation surrounding Russia's involvement in the war declared after Serbia was attacked is primarily rooted in the events leading up to World War I, particularly the July Crisis of 1914. Here are the main causes linked to Russia's declaration of support for Serbia:
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Pan-Slavism: Russia viewed itself as the protector of Slavic nations, including Serbia. The idea of Pan-Slavism fostered a sense of kinship and duty to support Slavic peoples against perceived aggression, making it politically and culturally imperative for Russia to support Serbia after it was attacked.
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Alliance Systems: At the time, Europe was divided into two major alliance systems: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and the United Kingdom). Russia had obligations to its allies, especially France, to confront and counteract the aggression of the Central Powers.
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Nationalism: Strong nationalist sentiments in Russia influenced public opinion and governmental policy. There was widespread support among the Russian populace for military intervention in support of Serbia, driven by national pride and the desire to protect fellow Slavs.
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Geopolitical Interests: Russia had strategic interests in the Balkans and the Black Sea region. Supporting Serbia was a way to expand Russian influence in Southeastern Europe and counter Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman ambitions in the region.
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Military Mobilization and Escalation: Following Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia, Russia began mobilizing its military to support Serbia. This decision was driven by the belief that failing to act would diminish Russia's standing and influence in Europe.
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Historical Tensions: The long-standing historical and political rivalries in the Balkans, particularly between Austria-Hungary and Russia, created an environment ripe for conflict. Russia had interests in undermining Austro-Hungarian authority in the region.
These interconnected causes led Russia to declare its support for Serbia and take military action, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of World War I.