At what time of day is heat flow into the atmosphere (Hin) least? what specific

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Heat flow into the atmosphere (Hin) is generally least during the early morning hours, just before and around sunrise. This is because, during the night, the Earth's surface loses heat through radiation, cooling down. As the sun rises, increased solar radiation begins to warm the surface, leading to greater heat flow into the atmosphere. The lowest point of heat flow into the atmosphere typically occurs just before sunrise, when the temperature difference between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere is at its smallest.