To evaluate \( \log_{10} 23 \), we should recall the basic properties of logarithms. Specifically, \( \log_{b} a \) gives us the exponent to which the base \( b \) must be raised to obtain \( a \).
In this case, we are looking for \( x \) in the equation \( 10^x = 23 \). The logarithmic expression \( \log_{10} 23 \) represents this \( x \), which is not equal to any of the options given (such as 23, -23, \( 10^{23} \), or \( 10^{-23} \)) under normal evaluations.
Thus, none of the provided options correctly evaluate \( \log_{10} 23 \). However, we can summarize each response:
- \( \log_{10} 23 = 23 \) - Not correct; that would imply \( 10^{23} = 23 \).
- \( \log_{10} 23 = -23 \) - Not correct; that would imply \( 10^{-23} = 23 \).
- \( \log_{10} 23 = 10^{23} \) - Not correct; that would imply \( 10^{10^{23}} = 23 \).
- \( \log_{10} 23 = 10^{-23} \) - Not correct; that would imply \( 10^{10^{-23}} = 23 \).
In conclusion, none of the provided answers accurately evaluates \( \log_{10} 23 \). The correct answer is that \( \log_{10} 23 \) is some value (approximately 1.362) that cannot be expressed in the provided options.