Members of the National Diet of Japan, which is the country's legislative branch, are chosen through a combination of two electoral systems: single-member districts and proportional representation.
The National Diet consists of two houses:
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House of Representatives (Shugiin): Members are elected using a mixed electoral system. About half of the members are elected from single-member constituencies, where candidates win by a simple plurality. The other half are elected from party lists in multi-member districts, which use proportional representation.
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House of Councillors (Sangiin): Members are elected for six-year terms, with half of the seats up for election every three years. The voting system includes both single-member districts and proportional representation, similar to the House of Representatives.
This mixed electoral system is designed to balance direct representation of local constituencies with a broader, proportional representation of political parties.