Forest sequestration, or carbon sequestration, refers to the process by which forests absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and store it in biomass (trees, plants, and soil). This natural process is a crucial component of the global carbon cycle and plays a significant role in mitigating climate change by reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Forests sequester carbon primarily through photosynthesis, where trees and plants convert CO2 into organic matter (such as leaves, wood, and roots) while releasing oxygen. Over time, as trees grow and accumulate biomass, they effectively store carbon. Additionally, when trees die and decompose, some of that carbon is released back into the atmosphere, but healthy forest ecosystems can maintain a net carbon sink by continuously growing and accumulating new biomass.
The practice of managing forests for carbon sequestration can include afforestation (planting trees in areas that were not previously forested), reforestation (replanting trees in deforested areas), and sustainable forest management (practices that ensure the long-term health and productivity of forests). These practices not only help in sequestering carbon but also provide numerous co-benefits, such as biodiversity preservation, soil conservation, and recreation opportunities.