I was not this body,

I was not these bones.
This skeleton was just my
temporary home.
Elementary molecules1

converged2

for a breath,
then danced on beyond my individual death.
And I am not my body,
I am not my body.

1 elementary molecules: the smallest, most basic particles of substances. 2 converged: came together in one place; met.
5
The true essence of a person can never be
enslaved.
Not My Bones
Poem by Marilyn Nelson

ANALYZE FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
Annotate: Mark the figurative
language used that creates a
comparison in lines 1–4.
Analyze: Is this comparison a
simile or a metaphor? What does
this comparison suggest?

322 UNIT 4 COLLABORATE & COMPARE
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Don’t forget to
Notice & Note as you
read the text.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
We are brief incarnations,3
we are clouds in clothes.
We are water respirators,
we are how earth knows.
I bore4
light passed on from an original flame;
while it was in my hands it was called by my name.
But I am not my body,
I am not my body.
You can own a man’s body,
but you can’t own his mind.
That’s like making a bridle
to ride on the wind.
I will tell you one thing, and I’ll tell you true:
Life’s the best thing that can happen to you.
But you are not your body,
you are not your body.
You can own someone’s body,
but the soul runs free.
It roams the night sky’s
mute geometry.
You can murder hope, you can pound faith flat,
but like weeds and wildflowers, they grow right back.
For you are not your body,
you are not your body.
You are not your body,
you are not your bones.
What’s essential 5

about you
is what can’t be owned.
What’s essential in you is your longing to raise
your itty-bitty voice in the cosmic6
praise.

For you are not your body,
you are not your body.

3 incarnations: bodily forms. 4 bore: carried; transported. 5 essential: having the qualities that give something its true identity. 6 cosmic: universal; infinitely large.
10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ANALYZE FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
Annotate: In lines 25–28, mark
examples of figurative language.
Analyze: What kind of figurative
language is used here? What
does its meaning suggest about a
person’s soul or essence?

Not My Bones 323

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© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: galaxy ©nienora/Shutterstock, face ©slothful/
Shutterstock

Review your notes and
add your thoughts to your
Response Log.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What will people risk to
be free?

Well, I woke up this morning just so glad to be free,
glad to be free, glad to be free.
I woke up this morning in restful peace.
For I am not my body,
I am not my bones.
I am not my body,
glory hallelujah, not my bones,
I am not my bones.
How did Not My Bones show courage

1 answer

In the poem "Not My Bones" by Marilyn Nelson, courage is demonstrated through a profound exploration of identity and the rejection of physical constraints. The speaker boldly asserts that their true self is not defined by their physical form—bones and body—highlighting a sense of inner strength and resilience in the face of societal attempts to dominate or control.

Analysis of Figurative Language and Courage

  1. Lines 1-4:

    • Figurative Language: The comparison between the body as a "temporary home" reflects a metaphorical perspective on human existence, suggesting that the physical body is not the essence of being.
    • Suggested Meaning: This implies a larger truth about existence and mortality. It suggests that our identity transcends our physical being, which conveys a sense of independence and courage against the inevitability of death.
  2. Lines 25-28:

    • Figurative Language: The phrase "the soul runs free" is another metaphor that emphasizes the spiritual aspect of a person, indicating that while one may face physical constraints, their internal essence, their hopes and dreams, are not limited by the body.
    • Suggested Meaning: This conveys a powerful message about the resilience of the human spirit. Although external realities may attempt to impede personal freedom—through possession or oppression—true essence cannot be owned or constrained. This idea encapsulates courage, as it reflects the belief in an enduring, unbreakable spirit that persists even in the face of adversity.

Themes of Freedom and Courage

  • Throughout the poem, the repeated refrain "I am not my body, I am not my bones" becomes a mantra of empowerment. The speaker finds courage in recognizing their own worth beyond physical attributes, ultimately challenging societal norms regarding identity.

  • The poem culminates in a celebration of freedom and joy, as evidenced in the final lines where the speaker expresses gladness for life and freedom: "glad to be free, glad to be free." This affirmation signifies a courageous embrace of one’s existence, a recognition that true liberation comes from understanding and asserting one’s essence beyond the corporeal.

In summary, "Not My Bones" illustrates the courage to claim one's identity despite external definitions and limitations, underlining the importance of internal freedom, hope, and the enduring nature of the human spirit.