The outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War in 1967 was influenced by multiple factors, but the legacy of colonialism is often cited as the most significant context contributing to the conflict.
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World War II: While WWII did have an impact on many nations, including those in Africa, its direct influence on the Nigerian Civil War is less pronounced compared to other factors. The war did help stimulate nationalist sentiments, but it was not the main driver of the conflict.
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The Legacy of Colonialism: This is arguably the most significant factor. Nigeria's arbitrary boundaries, created during colonial rule, brought together diverse ethnic and religious groups—primarily the Igbo, Yoruba, and Hausa-Fulani—who had little historical connection with one another. The colonial government favored certain groups over others, which sowed discord and deepened ethnic tensions. After independence in 1960, these divisions were exacerbated by political competition, leading to instability and ultimately the civil war.
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The Influence of Asian Independence Movements: While the independence movements in Asia inspired decolonization efforts in Africa, they had less direct influence on Nigeria’s specific context and the outbreak of civil war.
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Influence from the Cold War: The Cold War context did play a role in the international dimensions of the conflict, especially concerning foreign support for different factions. However, it was not the primary reason for the civil unrest and internal strife that led to war.
In summary, the legacy of colonialism is the context that contributed the most to the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War in 1967, as it laid the groundwork for ethnic tensions and political instability that ultimately escalated into conflict.