The true statement regarding the taxonomic system is: The current taxonomic system is based on the Linnaean classification system.
The Linnaean system, developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century, laid the groundwork for modern taxonomy, including the hierarchical classification (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species) still used today. The other statements are inaccurate; not all current or extinct species have been cataloged, and Charles Darwin did not create the taxonomic system, although his theories influenced biological classification.