The correct response regarding the root cause of the rebellions in Spanish America early in the nineteenth century is:
These rebellions were grounded in animosity between the criollos and peninsulares that was based on social and economic issues.
The criollos (those of Spanish descent born in the Americas) often resented the peninsulares (those born in Spain) for their privileged position in society and governance, which led to significant social and economic grievances. This animosity contributed to the push for independence and contributed to the broader revolutions across the region.