or this activity, you will explain how the pathogens of a communicable illness are targeted by your immune system. You will write a one-page report with your findings.

Question

Step 1: Research and Explain
First, consider how your innate immunity protects you from the pathogens you encounter. For example, explain what happens at the cellular level when you touch a dirty menu in a restaurant.

Secondly, describe what happens when your acquired immunity has to step in when your innate immunity is not able to protect you from a pathogen. Explain in detail the process using the types of cells involved in destroying the pathogen, whether or not humoral immunity is involved, and what would happen if the immune system was deficient and the pathogen was not destroyed.

Please make it super short and simple

Answer 1

Immune Response to Pathogens: A Simple Overview

The immune system is the body’s defense mechanism against communicable illnesses caused by pathogens like bacteria and viruses. It comprises two main parts: innate immunity and acquired immunity.

Innate Immunity

When you touch a dirty menu in a restaurant, your innate immunity acts immediately to protect you. The skin is the body’s first barrier, preventing pathogens from entering. If some of these pathogens breach the skin, cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, which are part of the innate immune system, detect and engulf the invaders. These cells recognize common patterns found on pathogens, like certain proteins, and respond quickly. They release signaling molecules called cytokines to recruit more immune cells to the site of infection, leading to inflammation that helps isolate and destroy the pathogens.

Acquired Immunity

If the innate immune response fails to eliminate the pathogen, acquired immunity steps in. This adaptive response takes longer but is more specific. When a pathogen enters the body, it is presented to T cells (a type of white blood cell). These T cells can differentiate into Helper T cells, which assist in activating B cells, and Cytotoxic T cells, which directly kill infected cells.

B cells produce antibodies, which are proteins that specifically target the pathogens. These antibodies neutralize the invaders and mark them for destruction by other immune cells. This process illustrates humoral immunity, as it involves the action of antibodies in blood.

If the immune system is deficient and cannot destroy the pathogen, the individual may experience severe illness. Infections could become systemic, resulting in complications or even loss of life, as the body lacks the mechanisms needed to effectively fight off the pathogens.

In summary, the innate immune response acts quickly to provide immediate protection, while the acquired immune response offers a tailored attack against specific pathogens. Both systems collaborate to ensure the body can defend itself against communicable diseases.

Answer 2

make it shorter plss