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Question 7

Describe three abiotic and three biotic components of an ocean marine ecosystem. (2 points)

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In an ocean marine ecosystem, the components can be categorized as abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living). Here are three examples of each:

Abiotic Components:

  1. Water Temperature: The temperature of ocean water affects the metabolism, reproduction, and behavior of marine organisms. Different species thrive in specific temperature ranges.

  2. Salinity: Salinity refers to the concentration of salt in water. It plays a crucial role in the distribution of marine life, as different organisms have varying tolerance levels to salt concentrations.

  3. Light Penetration: The extent to which sunlight penetrates the water affects photosynthesis and influences the types of plants and algae that can grow at different depths. Light availability decreases with depth, impacting the distribution of marine organisms.

Biotic Components:

  1. Phytoplankton: These microscopic plants form the base of the marine food web, conducting photosynthesis and serving as a primary food source for many marine organisms, including zooplankton and small fish.

  2. Fish: Various species of fish, such as tuna, sharks, and clownfish, inhabit the oceans and play essential roles in the ecosystem as predators, prey, and contributors to nutrient cycling.

  3. Coral Reefs: Coral organisms are vital biotic components of marine ecosystems. They provide habitat for numerous marine species, contribute to biodiversity, and act as natural barriers to shorelines.

These components interact in complex ways to support the diverse life forms found in ocean ecosystems.