Question

In the fourteenth century, what will Pope Boniface VIII claim about the papacy’s authority and reach?

He will claim that papal authority extends to everything and everyone.
He will claim that a bishop’s exclusive responsibility is to care for peoples’ spiritual welfare.
He will claim the Council of Chalcedon was correct: The Bishop of Rome has authority over the congregations in the west; the Patriarch of Rome has authority over the congregations in the east.
He will claim papal authority does not extend beyond Rome.

Answer 1

In the fourteenth century, Pope Boniface VIII will claim that papal authority extends to everything and everyone. He famously asserted the supremacy of the papacy over not only spiritual matters but also temporal (worldly) authority. This was evident in his papal bull "Unam Sanctam," where he declared that submission to the Pope is necessary for salvation, emphasizing the wide reach of papal authority over all individuals, including kings and emperors.