A radioactive substance decays at a rate of 6% each year. If the initial amount of the substance was 600 grams, create an exponential function to model the decay of the substance. Which of the following options correctly models the decay?

Option #1: f(x)=600(0.06)x

Option #2: f(x)=600(1.06)x

Option #3: f(x)=600(0.6)x

Option #4: f(x)=600(0.94)x

(1 point)
The option that correctly models the problem is Option #

1 answer

To model the decay of a radioactive substance, we can use the exponential decay formula:

\[ f(t) = A \cdot e^{kt} \]

or, using a base of 1 minus the decay rate:

\[ f(t) = A \cdot (1 - r)^t \]

where:

  • \( A \) is the initial amount (600 grams in this case),
  • \( r \) is the decay rate (6% or 0.06),
  • \( t \) is the time in years.

Since the substance decays at a rate of 6%, the amount remaining after \( t \) years can be modeled as:

\[ f(t) = 600 \cdot (1 - 0.06)^t \] \[ f(t) = 600 \cdot (0.94)^t \]

Now, looking at the provided options:

  • Option #1: \( f(x) = 600(0.06)^x \) (this is not correct for decay; it represents a much faster decrease)
  • Option #2: \( f(x) = 600(1.06)^x \) (this represents growth, not decay)
  • Option #3: \( f(x) = 600(0.6)^x \) (this does not reflect the 6% decay correctly)
  • Option #4: \( f(x) = 600(0.94)^x \) (this accurately models the decay)

Thus, the correct option is:

Option #4: \( f(x) = 600(0.94)^x \)