There are several ways to make an electromagnet stronger, but two effective methods are:
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Increase the number of coils of wire: By wrapping more turns of insulated wire around the core (usually made of a ferromagnetic material like iron), you increase the amount of current-carrying wire that contributes to the magnetic field. Each loop of wire generates a magnetic field, and when you add more loops, these fields combine to create a stronger overall magnetic field. Additionally, if the wire is wound closely together, the magnetic fields from adjacent loops reinforce each other, further enhancing the strength of the electromagnet.
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Increase the electric current flowing through the wire: The strength of the magnetic field generated by an electromagnet is directly proportional to the amount of electric current that flows through the coil of wire. According to Ampere's Law, increasing the current increases the magnetic field strength because the magnetic field is produced by the movement of electric charges. If you increase the voltage supplied to the coil (while ensuring the resistance does not also increase significantly), the current increases, thus creating a stronger magnetic field.
In summary, increasing the number of coils and increasing the electric current both enhance the strength of an electromagnet because they contribute to a stronger combined magnetic field produced by the flow of electricity through the wire.