The effective ways to analyze an argument from the provided options are:
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Investigate evidence - Examining the evidence that supports the argument helps to determine its validity and strength.
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Critique reasoning - Analyzing the logic and reasoning used in the argument can reveal any flaws or gaps in thought.
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Identify claims - Recognizing the main claims being made allows for a clearer understanding of the argument and what is being asserted.
The options "rely on rumors" and "invent proof" are not effective methods for analyzing an argument.