Question 1
Two common causes of revolutions discussed in the video are economic disparity and the lack of political representation. In the case of the French Revolution, both of these causes were significantly present. Economic disparity was evident in the stark contrast between the wealthy aristocracy and the impoverished Third Estate, which comprised the majority of the population yet carried the burden of high taxes without any corresponding political power. This inequality fostered resentment among the common people. Additionally, the lack of political representation was highlighted by the fact that the Third Estate was underrepresented in the Estates-General and had little say in governance. This combination of economic hardship and political exclusion ultimately led to widespread discontent and the desire for change, culminating in the revolution.
Question 2
The American Revolution exemplifies several characteristics of political revolutions as outlined in the video. First, it demonstrated a break from traditional authority, as colonists sought independence from British rule, rejecting the monarchy's control over their lives. Second, it was driven by the desire for self-governance, as the revolutionaries aimed to establish a government based on Enlightenment principles that emphasized individual rights and democratic representation. Third, the revolution articulated a clear ideological framework, encapsulated in documents like the Declaration of Independence, which outlined grievances against the British crown and the inherent rights of individuals. Finally, the American Revolution resulted in significant social and political changes, moving from a colonial governance structure to an independent republic with a constitution that enshrined the principles of liberty and equality.
Question 3
Social inequality played a critical role in the revolutionary movements in Haiti, particularly among enslaved Africans and free people of color. The stark divide between the wealthy white plantation owners and the oppressed enslaved population became increasingly intolerable. Enslaved people endured harsh living conditions and lacked basic rights, while the elite enjoyed immense wealth and privilege. This social inequality fueled resentment and anger, leading to the Haitian Revolution, where enslaved individuals, driven by the desire for freedom and equality, rose against their oppressors. The revolution was not only a fight for individual liberation but also a response to the broader structures of racial and economic injustice that characterized colonial Haitian society.