Question
In 1972, this essay about Chicano art by Colorado artist Manuel J. Martinez was published. "Chicano" or "chicana" refers to a person of Mexican descent. It was a term that Mexican Americans proudly identified with during the Chicano Movement—a social and civil rights campaign from the 1950s–1970s.,end italics,
from ,begin bold,The Art of the Chicano Movement, and the Movement of Chicano Art,end bold,
paragraph 1,To understand the present cultural values of our people, it is necessary to understand the history of Mexico, to which we are still closely related. Mexican history and artistic expressions that bring life and cultural nationalism within emotional grasp.
paragraph 2,Unlike many of the styles of contemporary art, many concepts and forms of Chicano art come from its own traditions. This is not to say that Chicano art is an imitation of Indian, Spanish, or Modern Mexican art, in technique or otherwise. The most ,begin italics,ancient,end italics, art of our history is purely Indian and is still considered the natural and most vital source of inspiration. Then following the conquest of Mexico came Colonial art which is based fundamentally on Spanish‐European principles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. And then came the Modern Mexican art movement,superscript,1,baseline, dominated by artists who were Mestizo (the offspring of Indian and Spanish blood) and whose work has both Indian and European influences.
paragraph 3,Chicano art is a newborn baby with Ancient Indian art as a mother, Spanish Colonial art as a father and Modern Mexican art as a midwife. Or we can see it as a branch extending out into the southwest United States from the great Bronze Tree of Mexican art. Taking the roots of that tree for granted as being Indian and Spanish, we can move up to the trunk of the tree which is known as Modern Mexican art.
paragraph 4,It would be wrong if we first looked up definitions of art in textbooks and then used them to determine the past principles from the modern artistic movement of Mexico. We should start from historical facts, not from abstract definitions.
paragraph 5,What are some of the historical and artistic facts of the modern art movement in Mexico? Or, from the Mexican point of view what are some of the significant features in the development of this movement? Despite all the conflict, confusion, and bloodshed of the Mexican Revolution,superscript,2,baseline,, it created a new spirit. A revolutionary spirit that inspired new leadership and began to be felt and expressed by the writers, the musicians, the poets and the painters. Each felt that it was his duty and privilege to share his talents in the social cause of bringing about a new Mexico. Art for art's sake began to die. The new art would no longer serve as a privilege of the rich or a mere decoration. Since Mexico was largely illiterate, painting had to become the medium of visual education, monumental in size, and become public property.
paragraph 6,Some of the more advanced artists and pioneers of this new aesthetic concept formed a group in 1922 known as the "Syndicate of painters, sculptors, and intellectual workers." Among those who allied themselves into this group and who brought forth the first original expression of Modern art on this continent were: Ramon Alva de la Canal, Jean Charlot, Fernando Leal, Xavier Guerrero, Carlos Medina, Roberto Montenegro, Jose Clemente Orozco, Fermin Revueltas, Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Sigueiros, and Maximo Pacheco.
paragraph 7,The open‐mindedness and foresight of Jose Vasconcelos, minister of education, must be given credit for opening the doors to the usefulness of monumental painting on the walls of public buildings. Under his program, Vasconcelos patronized the artists and they were given but one instruction: to paint Mexican subjects. It was the first collective attempt at mural painting in Modern art.
paragraph 8,Then followed the fruits of the "Mexican Renaissance": the rebirth of creative enthusiasm and a time for the people to again recognize human values and their expressions in a creative form.
paragraph 9,The Mexican painters have shown in their work the long and exciting history of the Mexican people. Great murals were done by men who sought truth and justice for their people and all of humanity. Mexican Modern art was essentially an art of the Revolution. No where else in the world can the people of a country see so much of their own story told pictorially on the big walls of their public buildings.
paragraph 10,Like the modem art of Mexico, the new Chicano art is essentially an art of social protest.
(from "The Art of the Chicano Movement, and the Movement of Chicano Art" by Manuel J. Martinez. Copyright © 1969 by Manuel J. Martinez. Used by permission of the author.)
,begin bold,,superscript,1,baseline,Modern Mexican art movement,end bold, circa 1920s–1940s
,begin bold,,superscript,2,baseline,Mexican Revolution,end bold, circa 1910–1920
Question
In paragraph 3, which aspect of Chicano art does the tree imagery illustrate?
Answer options with 4 options
1.
its connection to previous art forms, which is both fundamental and organic
2.
its heavy focus on nature, especially the physical landscapes of Mexico and the United States
3.
the fact that its history remains obscure, mostly because people see the branches but not the whole tree
4.
the fact that it sprang from the seeds of the Mexican Revolution and quickly expanded into the United States
from ,begin bold,The Art of the Chicano Movement, and the Movement of Chicano Art,end bold,
paragraph 1,To understand the present cultural values of our people, it is necessary to understand the history of Mexico, to which we are still closely related. Mexican history and artistic expressions that bring life and cultural nationalism within emotional grasp.
paragraph 2,Unlike many of the styles of contemporary art, many concepts and forms of Chicano art come from its own traditions. This is not to say that Chicano art is an imitation of Indian, Spanish, or Modern Mexican art, in technique or otherwise. The most ,begin italics,ancient,end italics, art of our history is purely Indian and is still considered the natural and most vital source of inspiration. Then following the conquest of Mexico came Colonial art which is based fundamentally on Spanish‐European principles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. And then came the Modern Mexican art movement,superscript,1,baseline, dominated by artists who were Mestizo (the offspring of Indian and Spanish blood) and whose work has both Indian and European influences.
paragraph 3,Chicano art is a newborn baby with Ancient Indian art as a mother, Spanish Colonial art as a father and Modern Mexican art as a midwife. Or we can see it as a branch extending out into the southwest United States from the great Bronze Tree of Mexican art. Taking the roots of that tree for granted as being Indian and Spanish, we can move up to the trunk of the tree which is known as Modern Mexican art.
paragraph 4,It would be wrong if we first looked up definitions of art in textbooks and then used them to determine the past principles from the modern artistic movement of Mexico. We should start from historical facts, not from abstract definitions.
paragraph 5,What are some of the historical and artistic facts of the modern art movement in Mexico? Or, from the Mexican point of view what are some of the significant features in the development of this movement? Despite all the conflict, confusion, and bloodshed of the Mexican Revolution,superscript,2,baseline,, it created a new spirit. A revolutionary spirit that inspired new leadership and began to be felt and expressed by the writers, the musicians, the poets and the painters. Each felt that it was his duty and privilege to share his talents in the social cause of bringing about a new Mexico. Art for art's sake began to die. The new art would no longer serve as a privilege of the rich or a mere decoration. Since Mexico was largely illiterate, painting had to become the medium of visual education, monumental in size, and become public property.
paragraph 6,Some of the more advanced artists and pioneers of this new aesthetic concept formed a group in 1922 known as the "Syndicate of painters, sculptors, and intellectual workers." Among those who allied themselves into this group and who brought forth the first original expression of Modern art on this continent were: Ramon Alva de la Canal, Jean Charlot, Fernando Leal, Xavier Guerrero, Carlos Medina, Roberto Montenegro, Jose Clemente Orozco, Fermin Revueltas, Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Sigueiros, and Maximo Pacheco.
paragraph 7,The open‐mindedness and foresight of Jose Vasconcelos, minister of education, must be given credit for opening the doors to the usefulness of monumental painting on the walls of public buildings. Under his program, Vasconcelos patronized the artists and they were given but one instruction: to paint Mexican subjects. It was the first collective attempt at mural painting in Modern art.
paragraph 8,Then followed the fruits of the "Mexican Renaissance": the rebirth of creative enthusiasm and a time for the people to again recognize human values and their expressions in a creative form.
paragraph 9,The Mexican painters have shown in their work the long and exciting history of the Mexican people. Great murals were done by men who sought truth and justice for their people and all of humanity. Mexican Modern art was essentially an art of the Revolution. No where else in the world can the people of a country see so much of their own story told pictorially on the big walls of their public buildings.
paragraph 10,Like the modem art of Mexico, the new Chicano art is essentially an art of social protest.
(from "The Art of the Chicano Movement, and the Movement of Chicano Art" by Manuel J. Martinez. Copyright © 1969 by Manuel J. Martinez. Used by permission of the author.)
,begin bold,,superscript,1,baseline,Modern Mexican art movement,end bold, circa 1920s–1940s
,begin bold,,superscript,2,baseline,Mexican Revolution,end bold, circa 1910–1920
Question
In paragraph 3, which aspect of Chicano art does the tree imagery illustrate?
Answer options with 4 options
1.
its connection to previous art forms, which is both fundamental and organic
2.
its heavy focus on nature, especially the physical landscapes of Mexico and the United States
3.
the fact that its history remains obscure, mostly because people see the branches but not the whole tree
4.
the fact that it sprang from the seeds of the Mexican Revolution and quickly expanded into the United States
Answers
GPT-4o mini
The correct answer is:
1. its connection to previous art forms, which is both fundamental and organic.
1. its connection to previous art forms, which is both fundamental and organic.