Question

decode the following strands into mRNA, Anti-codons, and proteins
TAC ACC CGA CTC TCT TAT AGC ACA AAC ATT
TAC AGA CGG CAA CTC TGG GTG CTT TGT TCT CTT CTC AGT ATC

Answer 1

To decode DNA sequences into mRNA, anti-codons, and proteins, we follow these steps:

1. **Transcribe the DNA (template strand) into mRNA** by replacing Thymine (T) with Uracil (U). This means that for each adenine (A) in the DNA, you will have uracil (U) in the mRNA, thymine (T) will become adenine (A), cytosine (C) will become guanine (G), and guanine (G) will become cytosine (C).

2. **Determine the anti-codons** for tRNA by pairing the mRNA sequences (using the same rules as above but considering the mRNA's codons).

3. **Translate the mRNA into proteins** using the universal genetic code, which specifies which amino acids correspond to each codon.

### Let's decode the provided strands step by step.

#### Strand 1: TAC ACC CGA CTC TCT TAT AGC ACA AAC ATT

**Step 1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA**

The DNA sequence provided is:
**TAC ACC CGA CTC TCT TAT AGC ACA AAC ATT**

**mRNA sequence:**
AUG UGG GCU GAG AGA AUA UCG UGU UUG UAA UAA

#### Step 2: Find the Anti-Codons

mRNA codons : AUG | UGG | GCU | GAG | AGA | AUA | UCG | UGU | UUG | UAA | UAA

**Anti-codons for tRNA** (pairing):
UAC | ACC | CGA | CUC | UCU | UAU | AGC | ACA | AAC | AUU | AUU

#### Step 3: Translate mRNA to Proteins

Using the genetic code:
- AUG: Methionine (Met)
- UGG: Tryptophan (Trp)
- GCU: Alanine (Ala)
- GAG: Glutamic acid (Glu)
- AGA: Arginine (Arg)
- AUA: Isoleucine (Ile)
- UCG: Serine (Ser)
- UGU: Cysteine (Cys)
- UUG: Leucine (Leu)
- UAA: Stop codon (terminating the chain)

**Protein sequence:** Met-Trp-Ala-Glu-Arg-Ile-Ser-Cys-Leu

---

#### Strand 2: TAC AGA CGG CAA CTC TGG GTG CTT TGT TCT CTT CTC AGT ATC

**Step 1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA**

The DNA sequence provided is:
**TAC AGA CGG CAA CTC TGG GTG CTT TGT TCT CTT CTC AGT ATC**

**mRNA sequence:**
AUG UCU GCC GUU GAG ACC CAC GAA ACA AGA GAA GAG UCA UAG

#### Step 2: Find the Anti-Codons

mRNA codons: AUG | UCU | GCC | GUU | GAG | ACC | CAC | GAA | ACA | AGA | GAA | GAG | UCA | UAG

**Anti-codons for tRNA** (pairing):
UAC | AGA | CGC | CAA | CUC | UGG | GUG | CUU | UGU | UCU | CUU | CUC | AGU | AUC

#### Step 3: Translate mRNA to Proteins

Using the genetic code:
- AUG: Methionine (Met)
- UCU: Serine (Ser)
- GCC: Alanine (Ala)
- GUU: Valine (Val)
- GAG: Glutamic acid (Glu)
- ACC: Threonine (Thr)
- CAC: Histidine (His)
- GAA: Glutamic acid (Glu)
- ACA: Threonine (Thr)
- AGA: Arginine (Arg)
- GAA: Glutamic acid (Glu)
- GAG: Glutamic acid (Glu)
- UCA: Serine (Ser)
- UAG: Stop codon (terminating the chain)

**Protein sequence:** Met-Ser-Ala-Val-Glu-Thr-His-Glu-Thr-Arg-Glu-Glu-Ser

---

### Summary of Results:

#### Strand 1:
- **mRNA:** AUG UGG GCU GAG AGA AUA UCG UGU UUG UAA UAA
- **Anti-codons:** UAC | ACC | CGA | CUC | UCU | UAU | AGC | ACA | AAC | AUU | AUU
- **Protein:** Met-Trp-Ala-Glu-Arg-Ile-Ser-Cys-Leu

#### Strand 2:
- **mRNA:** AUG UCU GCC GUU GAG ACC CAC GAA ACA AGA GAA GAG UCA UAG
- **Anti-codons:** UAC | AGA | CGC | CAA | CUC | UGG | GUG | CUU | UGU | UCU | CUU | CUC | AGU | AUC
- **Protein:** Met-Ser-Ala-Val-Glu-Thr-His-Glu-Thr-Arg-Glu-Glu-Ser

Feel free to ask if you have any further questions or need clarification on these processes!