The three characteristics that apply to an effective opening statement are:
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Includes a call to action - An effective opening statement often encourages the audience to think or act in a certain way.
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Logical - It should be based on sound reasoning and coherent arguments.
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Debatable - An effective opening statement typically presents a claim or argument that can be challenged or supported, inviting discussion.
The other options (states only facts, avoids controversy, and states the writer’s opinion) do not universally apply to effective opening statements since they can vary greatly depending on the context and purpose.