Question

Create Punnett Squares and Pedigree
Generation 1: Alice and Bob Washington are both carriers of a recessive genetic mutation.
They do not show the mutation but have the genotype "Rr".
Generation 2: Alice and Bob have three children: Grace, Henry, and Emma.
• Grace: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)
• Henry: RR (Neither carrier nor affected)
• Emma: rr (Shows the genetic mutation)
Generation 3: Emma marries Michael, who is not a carrier (RR). They have four children:
Jack, Lily, Noah, and Ava.
• Jack: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)
• Lily: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)
• Noah: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)
• Ava: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)
Generation 4: Jack marries Emily, who is also a carrier (Rr). They have three children:
Oliver, Sophia, and Mia.
• Oliver: RR (Neither carrier nor affected)
• Sophia: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)
• Mia: rr (Shows the genetic mutation)
Generation 5: Sophia marries Ethan, who is not a carrier (RR). They have two children:
Jacob and Isabella.
• Jacob: RR (Neither carrier nor affected)
• Isabella: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)
Generation 6: Isabella marries James, who is a carrier (Rr). They have three children:
Lucas, Charlotte, and Benjamin.
• Lucas: RR (Neither carrier nor affected)
• Charlotte: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)
• Benjamin: rr (Shows the genetic mutation)
Generation 7: Charlotte marries Daniel, who is not a carrier (RR). They have two children:
Amelia and William.
• Amelia: RR (Neither carrier nor affected)
• William: Rr (Carrier, but does not show the mutation)

Answer 1

To visualize the genetic inheritance through the generations you described, we will create a Punnett square for each generation where applicable, along with a pedigree chart to outline the family relationships and the health statuses of the individuals.

### Generation 1: Alice (Rr) and Bob (Rr)

**Punnett Square:**

| | R | r |
|----|----|----|
| R | RR | Rr |
| r | Rr | rr |

**Offspring Genotypes:**
- 25% RR (Neither carrier nor affected) - not applicable in Generation 2
- 50% Rr (Carriers, do not show mutation)
- 25% rr (Shows the genetic mutation)

### Generation 2: Alice and Bob's Children

- Grace: Rr (carrier)
- Henry: RR (not affected)
- Emma: rr (shows mutation)

### Pedigree Chart for Generations 1 and 2:

```
Alice (Rr) ------ Bob (Rr)
| |
-------------------------
| | |
Grace (Rr) Henry (RR) Emma (rr)
```

### Generation 3: Emma (rr) and Michael (RR)

**Punnett Square:**

| | R | R |
|----|----|----|
| r | Rr | Rr |
| r | Rr | Rr |

**Offspring Genotypes:**
- 100% Rr (Carriers, do not show mutation)

**Children:**
- Jack: Rr
- Lily: Rr
- Noah: Rr
- Ava: Rr

### Pedigree Chart for Generation 3:

```
Emma (rr) ------ Michael (RR)
| |
---------------------------------------
| | | |
Jack (Rr) Lily (Rr) Noah (Rr) Ava (Rr)
```

### Generation 4: Jack (Rr) and Emily (Rr)

**Punnett Square:**

| | R | r |
|----|----|----|
| R | RR | Rr |
| r | Rr | rr |

**Offspring Genotypes:**
- 25% RR (not affected)
- 50% Rr (carriers)
- 25% rr (shows mutation)

**Children:**
- Oliver: RR
- Sophia: Rr
- Mia: rr

### Pedigree Chart for Generation 4:

```
Jack (Rr) ------ Emily (Rr)
| |
---------------------------
| | |
Oliver (RR) Sophia (Rr) Mia (rr)
```

### Generation 5: Sophia (Rr) and Ethan (RR)

**Punnett Square:**

| | R | R |
|----|----|----|
| R | RR | RR |
| r | Rr | Rr |

**Offspring Genotypes:**
- 50% RR (not affected)
- 50% Rr (carriers)

**Children:**
- Jacob: RR
- Isabella: Rr

### Pedigree Chart for Generation 5:

```
Sophia (Rr) ------ Ethan (RR)
| |
-----------------------
| |
Jacob (RR) Isabella (Rr)
```

### Generation 6: Isabella (Rr) and James (Rr)

**Punnett Square:**

| | R | r |
|----|----|----|
| R | RR | Rr |
| r | Rr | rr |

**Offspring Genotypes:**
- 25% RR (not affected)
- 50% Rr (carriers)
- 25% rr (shows mutation)

**Children:**
- Lucas: RR
- Charlotte: Rr
- Benjamin: rr

### Pedigree Chart for Generation 6:

```
Isabella (Rr) ------ James (Rr)
| |
-------------------
| | |
Lucas (RR) Charlotte (Rr) Benjamin (rr)
```

### Generation 7: Charlotte (Rr) and Daniel (RR)

**Punnett Square:**

| | R | R |
|----|----|----|
| R | RR | RR |
| r | Rr | Rr |

**Offspring Genotypes:**
- 50% RR (not affected)
- 50% Rr (carriers)

**Children:**
- Amelia: RR
- William: Rr

### Pedigree Chart for Generation 7:

```
Charlotte (Rr) ------ Daniel (RR)
| |
---------------
| |
Amelia (RR) William (Rr)
```

### Comprehensive Pedigree Chart:

This overarching chart would connect all generations visually:

```
Alice (Rr) ------ Bob (Rr)
| |
---------------------------
| | |
Grace (Rr) Henry (RR) Emma (rr)
|
Michael (RR)
|
------------------------------------
| | | |
Jack (Rr) Lily (Rr) Noah (Rr) Ava (Rr)
|
Emily (Rr)
|
-----------------------------------
| | |
Oliver (RR) Sophia (Rr) Mia (rr)
|
Ethan (RR)
|
------------------------
| |
Jacob (RR) Isabella (Rr)
|
James (Rr)
|
---------------------------------
| | |
Lucas (RR) Charlotte (Rr) Benjamin (rr)
|
Daniel (RR)
|
-----------------
| |
Amelia (RR) William (Rr)
```

This pedigree chart and the associated Punnett squares clearly show the inheritance of the genetic mutation through the generations.