In music, an octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency. When it comes to dividing an octave into equal parts, the most common division is into 12 equal parts, which is known as the equal temperament system. Each of these divisions represents a semitone, and they are the building blocks used to create scales and melodies in Western music.
So, in terms of equal pictures or equal divisions in an octave, there are typically 12 equal parts in an octave in the context of Western music theory.