The correct answer is 3 the Black Codes.
The Black Codes were laws passed in southern states after the Civil War that severely restricted the rights and freedoms of freedmen (former enslaved individuals). These codes aimed to control the labor and behavior of African Americans and limited their ability to participate fully in society, thus creating significant limitations for freedmen in the South during that time.
The other options, while significant in the context of Reconstruction, either aimed to provide rights and protections (like the Fourteenth Amendment) or were part of broader strategies that did not directly impose limitations (like Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan and Radical Reconstruction).