Question
How does temperature affect reaction rate? Date for Review
-When the antacid tablet was placed whole (not broken) in the hot (90 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 15s.
-When the antacid tablet was placed whole (not broken) in the room temperature (35 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 20s.
-When the antacid tablet was placed whole (not broken) in the cold (10 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 25s.
-When the antacid tablet was broken into 3 pieces and placed in the room temperature (35 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 10s.
-When the antacid tablet was crushed to a powder and placed in the room temperature (35 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 5s.
***NOTE*** Whenever you write a number give it a unit or it is naked! Telling me the water was 90 doesn't tell me anything, really. 90ft? 90 yards? 90 seconds? 90 Liters? Or 90 °C? Each of those numbers might be 90, but the units make them mean something completely different! So, in short SHOW YOUR UNITS!
Create a Data Table: Use the numbers form the “Date for Review” section above to complete your table. Your data table should have only the data points that affect the question you are investigating. This should include ONLY 3 trials, so decide WHICH 3 trials from the data above will support your investigation question. Example data table in template. below.
Create a graph - showing JUST the data for your question, ONLY what was changed or measured, not what was held constant.
(you choose a bar graph or a line graph, whichever you think represents the data better).
Answer these Questions.
What is the independent variable (what is changed)?
What is the dependent variable (what is measured)?
What was held constant (what is not changed)?
Explain the answer to your investigation question, use data from your lab to support your explanation. Be sure to include what is happening on the molecular level that we cannot see.
Explain another situation in which any variable could affect the rate of a reaction.
-When the antacid tablet was placed whole (not broken) in the hot (90 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 15s.
-When the antacid tablet was placed whole (not broken) in the room temperature (35 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 20s.
-When the antacid tablet was placed whole (not broken) in the cold (10 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 25s.
-When the antacid tablet was broken into 3 pieces and placed in the room temperature (35 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 10s.
-When the antacid tablet was crushed to a powder and placed in the room temperature (35 °C) water, it stopped fizzing and reacting after 5s.
***NOTE*** Whenever you write a number give it a unit or it is naked! Telling me the water was 90 doesn't tell me anything, really. 90ft? 90 yards? 90 seconds? 90 Liters? Or 90 °C? Each of those numbers might be 90, but the units make them mean something completely different! So, in short SHOW YOUR UNITS!
Create a Data Table: Use the numbers form the “Date for Review” section above to complete your table. Your data table should have only the data points that affect the question you are investigating. This should include ONLY 3 trials, so decide WHICH 3 trials from the data above will support your investigation question. Example data table in template. below.
Create a graph - showing JUST the data for your question, ONLY what was changed or measured, not what was held constant.
(you choose a bar graph or a line graph, whichever you think represents the data better).
Answer these Questions.
What is the independent variable (what is changed)?
What is the dependent variable (what is measured)?
What was held constant (what is not changed)?
Explain the answer to your investigation question, use data from your lab to support your explanation. Be sure to include what is happening on the molecular level that we cannot see.
Explain another situation in which any variable could affect the rate of a reaction.
Answers
GPT-4o mini
### Data Table:
To focus on the effect of temperature on the reaction rate, we can select three trials based on different temperatures of the water used. Here is the data in table format:
| Trial | Water Temperature (°C) | Time to Stop Fizzing and Reacting (seconds) |
|-------|------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
| 1 | 90 °C | 15 s |
| 2 | 35 °C | 20 s |
| 3 | 10 °C | 25 s |
### Graph:
(You can create a bar graph with the x-axis as "Water Temperature (°C)" and the y-axis as "Time to Stop Fizzing and Reacting (s)" using the data from the table above.)
### Questions:
1. **What is the independent variable (what is changed)?**
- The independent variable is the **water temperature (°C)**.
2. **What is the dependent variable (what is measured)?**
- The dependent variable is the **time to stop fizzing and reacting (seconds)**.
3. **What was held constant (what is not changed)?**
- The constant factors include:
- The type of antacid tablet used.
- The amount of water used for each trial.
- The initial condition of the antacid tablet (either whole or, in some trials, broken into pieces).
### Explanation:
The investigation question is: "How does temperature affect the reaction rate of an antacid tablet in water?" The data supports that as temperature increases, the time for the reaction to stop decreases. In the trial with water at **90 °C**, the antacid tablet reacted and stopped fizzing after **15 seconds**, while at **35 °C**, it took **20 seconds**, and at **10 °C**, it took **25 seconds**.
At a molecular level, this increased rate of reaction at higher temperatures can be explained by the fact that temperature affects the kinetic energy of molecules. Higher temperatures give molecules more energy, leading to more frequent and forceful collisions. This increased collision frequency boosts the likelihood that reactant molecules will interact successfully to lead to a reaction, thereby speeding up the rate at which the antacid reacts with water to produce carbon dioxide gas.
### Another Situation:
Another situation in which a variable could affect the rate of a reaction is the concentration of reactants. For example, in a reaction between vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), increasing the concentration of vinegar would lead to a faster reaction rate. This is because a higher concentration means more acetic acid molecules are available to collide and react with the sodium bicarbonate, which promotes an increase in the rate of carbon dioxide gas production. This relationship is governed by the principles of collision theory, similar to how temperature affects reaction rates.
To focus on the effect of temperature on the reaction rate, we can select three trials based on different temperatures of the water used. Here is the data in table format:
| Trial | Water Temperature (°C) | Time to Stop Fizzing and Reacting (seconds) |
|-------|------------------------|----------------------------------------------|
| 1 | 90 °C | 15 s |
| 2 | 35 °C | 20 s |
| 3 | 10 °C | 25 s |
### Graph:
(You can create a bar graph with the x-axis as "Water Temperature (°C)" and the y-axis as "Time to Stop Fizzing and Reacting (s)" using the data from the table above.)
### Questions:
1. **What is the independent variable (what is changed)?**
- The independent variable is the **water temperature (°C)**.
2. **What is the dependent variable (what is measured)?**
- The dependent variable is the **time to stop fizzing and reacting (seconds)**.
3. **What was held constant (what is not changed)?**
- The constant factors include:
- The type of antacid tablet used.
- The amount of water used for each trial.
- The initial condition of the antacid tablet (either whole or, in some trials, broken into pieces).
### Explanation:
The investigation question is: "How does temperature affect the reaction rate of an antacid tablet in water?" The data supports that as temperature increases, the time for the reaction to stop decreases. In the trial with water at **90 °C**, the antacid tablet reacted and stopped fizzing after **15 seconds**, while at **35 °C**, it took **20 seconds**, and at **10 °C**, it took **25 seconds**.
At a molecular level, this increased rate of reaction at higher temperatures can be explained by the fact that temperature affects the kinetic energy of molecules. Higher temperatures give molecules more energy, leading to more frequent and forceful collisions. This increased collision frequency boosts the likelihood that reactant molecules will interact successfully to lead to a reaction, thereby speeding up the rate at which the antacid reacts with water to produce carbon dioxide gas.
### Another Situation:
Another situation in which a variable could affect the rate of a reaction is the concentration of reactants. For example, in a reaction between vinegar (acetic acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), increasing the concentration of vinegar would lead to a faster reaction rate. This is because a higher concentration means more acetic acid molecules are available to collide and react with the sodium bicarbonate, which promotes an increase in the rate of carbon dioxide gas production. This relationship is governed by the principles of collision theory, similar to how temperature affects reaction rates.