The phrase that best describes the ecosystem services provided by the tree for you and your mom is indirect services and direct services.
- Direct services refer to the benefits that you and your mom get directly from the tree, such as the apples for pies (for your mom) and the shade for reading (for you).
- Indirect services may include benefits like improving air quality, providing habitat for wildlife, and contributing to the overall aesthetic and health of the environment, which still impacts you both.
Thus, both direct and indirect services are applicable in this situation.