Question
4. The most explosive volcanoes are
a. hot spots.
b. cinder cones.
c. composite volcanoes.
d. sheild volcanoes.
5. Most volcanoes form
a. at hot spots.
b. at plate boundaries
c. in the middle of continents.
d. in the center of ocean plates.
6. Which of the following forms when the top or side of a volcano collapses into the magma
chamber?
a. dike
b. pyroclastic flow
c. caldera
d. vent
7. ________ form(s) where plates move apart.
a. Hot spots
b. Divergent volcanism
c. Subuction zones
d. Convergent volcanism
8. When magma reaches Earth's surface, it is called
C. lava.
a. a vent.
b. pyroclastic flow
c. lava.
d. calderas.
9. Volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries are associated with
a. subduction zones.
b. divergent boundaries.
c. ocean ridges.
d. hot spots.
Identify the type or types ofvolcano being described as shield volcano, cinder-cone volcano,
_______________13. Forms when small pieces of magma are ejected into the air then fall back to Earth and pile up around a vent
________________14. Has broad, gently sloping sides anda nearly circular base
________________15. Formns when layers of basaltic lava accumulate during a
nonexplosive eruption
_________________16. Mauna Kea in Hawaii is an example.
________________ 17. Small volcano with steep sides
__________________18. Forms when layers of hardened laya chunks alternate with lava
________________19. Forms from lava that contains relatively small amounts of gases and silica
__________________20. Forms from lava that is higher in water and silica content than lava that forms shield volcanoes
______________ 21. Fueled by magma that contains large amounts of silica, water, and gases
_________________22. Magma that fuels this type of volcano contains large volumes of gases but not silica and water.
_____________ 23. Potentially the most dangerous to humans and most destructive to the environment
______________24. Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier are econtinued
SECTION 18.1 Volcanoes, continued
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
WORD BANK
⬇️
Hawaiian Islands
crust
hot spots
divergent
Iceland
mantle
volcanoes
ocean ridges
Circum-Pacific Belt
western
convergent
Most of the world's volcanoes form along ____________
plate boundaries. Slabs of oceanic crust descend into the (26)_______________ and release water, causing portions
of the mantle to melt. The magma that forms is forced upward through the overlying plate and forms (27) _______________ when it reaches Earth's surface. The (28) __________________
marks the locations of most convergent boundary volcanoes. It stretches along the (29) _______________
coasts of North and South America and down the eastern coast of Asia. At (30) ___________________
plate boundaries, magma is forced upward into fractures
and faults that form as plates separate or spread ațart. Most of the volcanoes that form along divergent boundaries are located underwater along (31) _______________ This type of volcanic activity can be observed above sea level in (32) ______________ which sits atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Some volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries form over (33) _________________ which are unusually hot regions of Earth's mantle. At hot spots, high-temperature plumes melt rock. The magma that forms moves upward toward the (34) ______________________ and melts the crust to form a volcano. As a tectonic plate moves over a hot spot, a string of volcanoes forms. The (35) _______________ are the result of a hot spot.
SECTION 18.2 Eruptions
For each statement below, write true or false.
____________ 1. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, suspended minerals, and gases.
_____________ 2. Magma forms when rocks begin to melt.
______________3. Pressure decreases with depth below Earth's surface.
_______________4. As pressure increases, the temperature at which a dry substance melts increases.
_____continued
5. Wet minerals and rocks melt at lower temperatures than do dry minerals and rocks.
Answer the following questions.
6. What three factors affect the formation of magma?
7. Why isn't Earth's entire mantle liquid?
8. How does water affect the melting temperature of a mineral?
SECTION 18.2 Eruptions, continued
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
WORD BANK
⬇️
andesitic
granite
silica
viscosity
continental
rhyolitie
slowly
extrusive
sediments
upper mantle
Magmas are named after (9) ___________ rocks. Basaltic magma forms when rocks in the (10) ___________ melt. This magma contains small amounts of silica and has a low (11) _______________ Basaltic magma fuels relatively quiet
volcanic eruptions.
Andesitic magma forms from oceanic crust and (12) _________________.This magma contains about 60 percent silica and has an intermediate viscosity. (13) __________ magma fuels volcanoes with intermediate eruptions.
Rhyolitic magma forms deep beneath (14) ____________
crust. This magma has the highest (15) __________ content of the three types of magma. It has the same composition as (16) ________________ has a high viscosity, and flows (17)_________________ (18) _____________ magma produces
very explosive volcanoes.
Answer the following questions.
19. How does the viscosity of magma change as magma cools? ___________________
20. Does cooler magma flow more or less quickly than hotter magma? _______________
21. Is the viscosity of magma that is high in silica higher or lower than magma that is low in silica? _____________
22. Which type of lava--basaltic lava or rhyolitic lava flows faster? Explain. ______________
SECTION 18.3 Intrusive Activity
Match each letter on the diagram with its description.
A
B
C
________1. Magma can melt rocks with which it comes into contact.
________2.Magma can fracture apart overlying rocks and rise through cracks and fissures.
__________ 3. Magma can cause blocks of rocks to break off, sink into the magma, and eventually melt.
For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.
Column A
⬇️
4. Intrusive igneous rock body
5. Largest pluton
6. Irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a
batholith, but smaller in size
7. Mushroom-shaped pluton
8. Pluton that is parallel to the rocks it intrudes
9. Pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks
10. Process responsible for the formation of many plutons
Column B
⬇️
a. Stock
b. Sill
c. laccolith
d. Pluton
e. batholith
f. Dike
g. Mountain-building
a. hot spots.
b. cinder cones.
c. composite volcanoes.
d. sheild volcanoes.
5. Most volcanoes form
a. at hot spots.
b. at plate boundaries
c. in the middle of continents.
d. in the center of ocean plates.
6. Which of the following forms when the top or side of a volcano collapses into the magma
chamber?
a. dike
b. pyroclastic flow
c. caldera
d. vent
7. ________ form(s) where plates move apart.
a. Hot spots
b. Divergent volcanism
c. Subuction zones
d. Convergent volcanism
8. When magma reaches Earth's surface, it is called
C. lava.
a. a vent.
b. pyroclastic flow
c. lava.
d. calderas.
9. Volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries are associated with
a. subduction zones.
b. divergent boundaries.
c. ocean ridges.
d. hot spots.
Identify the type or types ofvolcano being described as shield volcano, cinder-cone volcano,
_______________13. Forms when small pieces of magma are ejected into the air then fall back to Earth and pile up around a vent
________________14. Has broad, gently sloping sides anda nearly circular base
________________15. Formns when layers of basaltic lava accumulate during a
nonexplosive eruption
_________________16. Mauna Kea in Hawaii is an example.
________________ 17. Small volcano with steep sides
__________________18. Forms when layers of hardened laya chunks alternate with lava
________________19. Forms from lava that contains relatively small amounts of gases and silica
__________________20. Forms from lava that is higher in water and silica content than lava that forms shield volcanoes
______________ 21. Fueled by magma that contains large amounts of silica, water, and gases
_________________22. Magma that fuels this type of volcano contains large volumes of gases but not silica and water.
_____________ 23. Potentially the most dangerous to humans and most destructive to the environment
______________24. Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier are econtinued
SECTION 18.1 Volcanoes, continued
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
WORD BANK
⬇️
Hawaiian Islands
crust
hot spots
divergent
Iceland
mantle
volcanoes
ocean ridges
Circum-Pacific Belt
western
convergent
Most of the world's volcanoes form along ____________
plate boundaries. Slabs of oceanic crust descend into the (26)_______________ and release water, causing portions
of the mantle to melt. The magma that forms is forced upward through the overlying plate and forms (27) _______________ when it reaches Earth's surface. The (28) __________________
marks the locations of most convergent boundary volcanoes. It stretches along the (29) _______________
coasts of North and South America and down the eastern coast of Asia. At (30) ___________________
plate boundaries, magma is forced upward into fractures
and faults that form as plates separate or spread ațart. Most of the volcanoes that form along divergent boundaries are located underwater along (31) _______________ This type of volcanic activity can be observed above sea level in (32) ______________ which sits atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Some volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries form over (33) _________________ which are unusually hot regions of Earth's mantle. At hot spots, high-temperature plumes melt rock. The magma that forms moves upward toward the (34) ______________________ and melts the crust to form a volcano. As a tectonic plate moves over a hot spot, a string of volcanoes forms. The (35) _______________ are the result of a hot spot.
SECTION 18.2 Eruptions
For each statement below, write true or false.
____________ 1. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, suspended minerals, and gases.
_____________ 2. Magma forms when rocks begin to melt.
______________3. Pressure decreases with depth below Earth's surface.
_______________4. As pressure increases, the temperature at which a dry substance melts increases.
_____continued
5. Wet minerals and rocks melt at lower temperatures than do dry minerals and rocks.
Answer the following questions.
6. What three factors affect the formation of magma?
7. Why isn't Earth's entire mantle liquid?
8. How does water affect the melting temperature of a mineral?
SECTION 18.2 Eruptions, continued
Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
WORD BANK
⬇️
andesitic
granite
silica
viscosity
continental
rhyolitie
slowly
extrusive
sediments
upper mantle
Magmas are named after (9) ___________ rocks. Basaltic magma forms when rocks in the (10) ___________ melt. This magma contains small amounts of silica and has a low (11) _______________ Basaltic magma fuels relatively quiet
volcanic eruptions.
Andesitic magma forms from oceanic crust and (12) _________________.This magma contains about 60 percent silica and has an intermediate viscosity. (13) __________ magma fuels volcanoes with intermediate eruptions.
Rhyolitic magma forms deep beneath (14) ____________
crust. This magma has the highest (15) __________ content of the three types of magma. It has the same composition as (16) ________________ has a high viscosity, and flows (17)_________________ (18) _____________ magma produces
very explosive volcanoes.
Answer the following questions.
19. How does the viscosity of magma change as magma cools? ___________________
20. Does cooler magma flow more or less quickly than hotter magma? _______________
21. Is the viscosity of magma that is high in silica higher or lower than magma that is low in silica? _____________
22. Which type of lava--basaltic lava or rhyolitic lava flows faster? Explain. ______________
SECTION 18.3 Intrusive Activity
Match each letter on the diagram with its description.
A
B
C
________1. Magma can melt rocks with which it comes into contact.
________2.Magma can fracture apart overlying rocks and rise through cracks and fissures.
__________ 3. Magma can cause blocks of rocks to break off, sink into the magma, and eventually melt.
For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.
Column A
⬇️
4. Intrusive igneous rock body
5. Largest pluton
6. Irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a
batholith, but smaller in size
7. Mushroom-shaped pluton
8. Pluton that is parallel to the rocks it intrudes
9. Pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks
10. Process responsible for the formation of many plutons
Column B
⬇️
a. Stock
b. Sill
c. laccolith
d. Pluton
e. batholith
f. Dike
g. Mountain-building
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Here are the answers to your questions based on the provided text:
### Multiple Choice Answers
4. **c. composite volcanoes.**
5. **b. at plate boundaries**
6. **c. caldera**
7. **b. Divergent volcanism**
8. **c. lava.**
9. **d. hot spots.**
### Types of Volcanoes
13. **Cinder-cone volcano** (Forms when small pieces of magma are ejected into the air then fall back to Earth and pile up around a vent)
14. **Shield volcano** (Has broad, gently sloping sides and a nearly circular base)
15. **Shield volcano** (Forms when layers of basaltic lava accumulate during a nonexplosive eruption)
16. **Shield volcano** (Mauna Kea in Hawaii is an example)
17. **Cinder-cone volcano** (Small volcano with steep sides)
18. **Composite volcano** (Forms when layers of hardened lava chunks alternate with lava)
19. **Basaltic volcano** (Forms from lava that contains relatively small amounts of gases and silica)
20. **Rhyolitic volcano** (Forms from lava that is higher in water and silica content than lava that forms shield volcanoes)
21. **Composite volcano** (Fueled by magma that contains large amounts of silica, water, and gases)
22. **Cinder-cone volcano** (Magma that fuels this type of volcano contains large volumes of gases but not silica and water)
23. **Composite volcano** (Potentially the most dangerous to humans and most destructive to the environment)
24. **Composite volcano** (Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier are examples)
### Passage Completion
Most of the world's volcanoes form along **(25) convergent** plate boundaries. Slabs of oceanic crust descend into the (26) **mantle** and release water, causing portions of the mantle to melt. The magma that forms is forced upward through the overlying plate and forms (27) **volcanoes** when it reaches Earth's surface. The (28) **Circum-Pacific Belt** marks the locations of most convergent boundary volcanoes. It stretches along the (29) **western** coasts of North and South America and down the eastern coast of Asia. At (30) **divergent** plate boundaries, magma is forced upward into fractures and faults that form as plates separate or spread apart. Most of the volcanoes that form along divergent boundaries are located underwater along (31) **ocean ridges**. This type of volcanic activity can be observed above sea level in (32) **Iceland**, which sits atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Some volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries form over (33) **hot spots**, which are unusually hot regions of Earth's mantle. At hot spots, high-temperature plumes melt rock. The magma that forms moves upward toward the (34) **crust** and melts the crust to form a volcano. As a tectonic plate moves over a hot spot, a string of volcanoes forms. The (35) **Hawaiian Islands** are the result of a hot spot.
### True or False Statements
1. **True**
2. **True**
3. **False** (Pressure generally increases with depth below Earth's surface.)
4. **True**
5. **True**
### Short Answer Questions
6. The three factors that affect the formation of magma are temperature, pressure, and composition.
7. Earth's entire mantle isn't liquid due to high pressure and varying temperatures that cause the rock to remain solid.
8. Water lowers the melting point of minerals, allowing them to melt at lower temperatures.
### Passage Completion
Magmas are named after (9) **granite** rocks. Basaltic magma forms when rocks in the (10) **upper mantle** melt. This magma contains small amounts of silica and has a low (11) **viscosity**. Basaltic magma fuels relatively quiet volcanic eruptions.
Andesitic magma forms from oceanic crust and (12) **continental** crust. This magma contains about 60 percent silica and has an intermediate viscosity. (13) **Andesitic** magma fuels volcanoes with intermediate eruptions. Rhyolitic magma forms deep beneath (14) **continental** crust. This magma has the highest (15) **silica** content of the three types of magma. It has the same composition as (16) **granite**, has a high viscosity, and flows (17) **slowly**. (18) **Rhyolitic** magma produces very explosive volcanoes.
### Additional Short Answer Questions
19. As magma cools, its viscosity increases, meaning it becomes thicker and flows less easily.
20. Cooler magma flows **less** quickly than hotter magma.
21. The viscosity of magma that is high in silica is **higher** than that of magma that is low in silica.
22. **Basaltic lava** flows faster than rhyolitic lava because it is less viscous due to its lower silica content.
### Matching Descriptions
1. **A** (Magma can melt rocks with which it comes into contact.)
2. **B** (Magma can fracture apart overlying rocks and rise through cracks and fissures.)
3. **C** (Magma can cause blocks of rocks to break off, sink into the magma, and eventually melt.)
### Column A and Column B Matching
4. **d. Pluton** (Intrusive igneous rock body)
5. **e. batholith** (Largest pluton)
6. **a. Stock** (Irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith, but smaller in size)
7. **c. laccolith** (Mushroom-shaped pluton)
8. **b. Sill** (Pluton that is parallel to the rocks it intrudes)
9. **f. Dike** (Pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks)
10. **g. Mountain-building** (Process responsible for the formation of many plutons)
### Multiple Choice Answers
4. **c. composite volcanoes.**
5. **b. at plate boundaries**
6. **c. caldera**
7. **b. Divergent volcanism**
8. **c. lava.**
9. **d. hot spots.**
### Types of Volcanoes
13. **Cinder-cone volcano** (Forms when small pieces of magma are ejected into the air then fall back to Earth and pile up around a vent)
14. **Shield volcano** (Has broad, gently sloping sides and a nearly circular base)
15. **Shield volcano** (Forms when layers of basaltic lava accumulate during a nonexplosive eruption)
16. **Shield volcano** (Mauna Kea in Hawaii is an example)
17. **Cinder-cone volcano** (Small volcano with steep sides)
18. **Composite volcano** (Forms when layers of hardened lava chunks alternate with lava)
19. **Basaltic volcano** (Forms from lava that contains relatively small amounts of gases and silica)
20. **Rhyolitic volcano** (Forms from lava that is higher in water and silica content than lava that forms shield volcanoes)
21. **Composite volcano** (Fueled by magma that contains large amounts of silica, water, and gases)
22. **Cinder-cone volcano** (Magma that fuels this type of volcano contains large volumes of gases but not silica and water)
23. **Composite volcano** (Potentially the most dangerous to humans and most destructive to the environment)
24. **Composite volcano** (Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier are examples)
### Passage Completion
Most of the world's volcanoes form along **(25) convergent** plate boundaries. Slabs of oceanic crust descend into the (26) **mantle** and release water, causing portions of the mantle to melt. The magma that forms is forced upward through the overlying plate and forms (27) **volcanoes** when it reaches Earth's surface. The (28) **Circum-Pacific Belt** marks the locations of most convergent boundary volcanoes. It stretches along the (29) **western** coasts of North and South America and down the eastern coast of Asia. At (30) **divergent** plate boundaries, magma is forced upward into fractures and faults that form as plates separate or spread apart. Most of the volcanoes that form along divergent boundaries are located underwater along (31) **ocean ridges**. This type of volcanic activity can be observed above sea level in (32) **Iceland**, which sits atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Some volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries form over (33) **hot spots**, which are unusually hot regions of Earth's mantle. At hot spots, high-temperature plumes melt rock. The magma that forms moves upward toward the (34) **crust** and melts the crust to form a volcano. As a tectonic plate moves over a hot spot, a string of volcanoes forms. The (35) **Hawaiian Islands** are the result of a hot spot.
### True or False Statements
1. **True**
2. **True**
3. **False** (Pressure generally increases with depth below Earth's surface.)
4. **True**
5. **True**
### Short Answer Questions
6. The three factors that affect the formation of magma are temperature, pressure, and composition.
7. Earth's entire mantle isn't liquid due to high pressure and varying temperatures that cause the rock to remain solid.
8. Water lowers the melting point of minerals, allowing them to melt at lower temperatures.
### Passage Completion
Magmas are named after (9) **granite** rocks. Basaltic magma forms when rocks in the (10) **upper mantle** melt. This magma contains small amounts of silica and has a low (11) **viscosity**. Basaltic magma fuels relatively quiet volcanic eruptions.
Andesitic magma forms from oceanic crust and (12) **continental** crust. This magma contains about 60 percent silica and has an intermediate viscosity. (13) **Andesitic** magma fuels volcanoes with intermediate eruptions. Rhyolitic magma forms deep beneath (14) **continental** crust. This magma has the highest (15) **silica** content of the three types of magma. It has the same composition as (16) **granite**, has a high viscosity, and flows (17) **slowly**. (18) **Rhyolitic** magma produces very explosive volcanoes.
### Additional Short Answer Questions
19. As magma cools, its viscosity increases, meaning it becomes thicker and flows less easily.
20. Cooler magma flows **less** quickly than hotter magma.
21. The viscosity of magma that is high in silica is **higher** than that of magma that is low in silica.
22. **Basaltic lava** flows faster than rhyolitic lava because it is less viscous due to its lower silica content.
### Matching Descriptions
1. **A** (Magma can melt rocks with which it comes into contact.)
2. **B** (Magma can fracture apart overlying rocks and rise through cracks and fissures.)
3. **C** (Magma can cause blocks of rocks to break off, sink into the magma, and eventually melt.)
### Column A and Column B Matching
4. **d. Pluton** (Intrusive igneous rock body)
5. **e. batholith** (Largest pluton)
6. **a. Stock** (Irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith, but smaller in size)
7. **c. laccolith** (Mushroom-shaped pluton)
8. **b. Sill** (Pluton that is parallel to the rocks it intrudes)
9. **f. Dike** (Pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks)
10. **g. Mountain-building** (Process responsible for the formation of many plutons)