The longest lasting victory for civil rights achieved during Reconstruction was:
C. ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments
These amendments abolished slavery (Thirteenth), granted citizenship and equal protection under the law (Fourteenth), and protected the right to vote regardless of race (Fifteenth). While many of the gains made during Reconstruction were rolled back in the following decades, these amendments remain in effect and continue to form the legal foundation for civil rights in the United States.