Question
Plant Reproduction Plant Reproduction Mitchell and Emma are senior students that share a biology class. Their high school has a section on school property that has been used to grow various plants over the years. Each student is required to select a plant to study for their final project. The pictures show some of the plants that are grown on school property. The tulips, irises, and daffodils reproduce asexually. The snapdragons and the roses reproduce sexually. Mitchell crosses different plants in five trials and recorded his results, with P = dark purple, p = pink, W = yellow, and w = white. The table shows his results. Trial Parent Genotypes Offspring Phenotypes V PP x ww light purple W Ww x WW yellow X PP x WW purple/yellow Y pp x PP purple Z WW x PP yellow/purple Match each trial to the type of dominance the offspring show. V W X Y Z
Answers
GPT-4o mini
To determine the type of dominance displayed in Mitchell's trials, we need to analyze the parental genotypes and the resulting offspring phenotypes.
**Types of Dominance:**
1. **Complete Dominance**: One allele completely masks the effect of another allele.
2. **Incomplete Dominance**: Neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blending of traits in the offspring.
3. **Codominance**: Both alleles are fully expressed in the offspring.
Let's analyze each trial based on the parental genotypes and the offspring phenotypes provided:
- **Trial V (PP x ww)**
- Parent Genotypes: PP (homozygous dominant) x ww (homozygous recessive)
- Offspring Phenotype: light purple
- Analysis: Since all offspring are from a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive parent, and the offspring do not show a blend of colors, this is an example of **complete dominance** (P is dominant).
- **Trial W (Ww x WW)**
- Parent Genotypes: Ww (heterozygous) x WW (homozygous dominant)
- Offspring Phenotype: yellow
- Analysis: If W (yellow) masks w (white), this also represents **complete dominance** with all offspring showing the dominant trait.
- **Trial X (PP x WW)**
- Parent Genotypes: PP (homozygous dominant) x WW (homozygous dominant)
- Offspring Phenotypes: purple/yellow
- Analysis: Since both parents are homozygous and contribute their dominance equally, this suggests **complete dominance** where one trait is displayed visibly over the other.
- **Trial Y (pp x PP)**
- Parent Genotypes: pp (homozygous recessive) x PP (homozygous dominant)
- Offspring Phenotype: purple
- Analysis: Again, we see **complete dominance** where the dominant allele (P) masks the recessive allele (p).
- **Trial Z (WW x PP)**
- Parent Genotypes: WW (homozygous dominant) x PP (homozygous dominant)
- Offspring Phenotype: yellow/purple
- Analysis: In this scenario, both parents are homozygous dominant contributing traits that are both dominant. Providing both phenotypes may suggest an integration of dominance showing **codominance**.
### Summary of Matches
- Trial **V**: Complete Dominance (light purple)
- Trial **W**: Complete Dominance (yellow)
- Trial **X**: Complete Dominance (purple/yellow)
- Trial **Y**: Complete Dominance (purple)
- Trial **Z**: Codominance (yellow/purple)
The matches of each trial with the types of dominance are as follows:
- Trial V: Complete Dominance
- Trial W: Complete Dominance
- Trial X: Complete Dominance
- Trial Y: Complete Dominance
- Trial Z: Codominance
(Note: The details of “complete dominance” might vary depending on the exact observed phenotypes in practice, so this analysis holds until phenotypic nuances are observed.)
**Types of Dominance:**
1. **Complete Dominance**: One allele completely masks the effect of another allele.
2. **Incomplete Dominance**: Neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blending of traits in the offspring.
3. **Codominance**: Both alleles are fully expressed in the offspring.
Let's analyze each trial based on the parental genotypes and the offspring phenotypes provided:
- **Trial V (PP x ww)**
- Parent Genotypes: PP (homozygous dominant) x ww (homozygous recessive)
- Offspring Phenotype: light purple
- Analysis: Since all offspring are from a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive parent, and the offspring do not show a blend of colors, this is an example of **complete dominance** (P is dominant).
- **Trial W (Ww x WW)**
- Parent Genotypes: Ww (heterozygous) x WW (homozygous dominant)
- Offspring Phenotype: yellow
- Analysis: If W (yellow) masks w (white), this also represents **complete dominance** with all offspring showing the dominant trait.
- **Trial X (PP x WW)**
- Parent Genotypes: PP (homozygous dominant) x WW (homozygous dominant)
- Offspring Phenotypes: purple/yellow
- Analysis: Since both parents are homozygous and contribute their dominance equally, this suggests **complete dominance** where one trait is displayed visibly over the other.
- **Trial Y (pp x PP)**
- Parent Genotypes: pp (homozygous recessive) x PP (homozygous dominant)
- Offspring Phenotype: purple
- Analysis: Again, we see **complete dominance** where the dominant allele (P) masks the recessive allele (p).
- **Trial Z (WW x PP)**
- Parent Genotypes: WW (homozygous dominant) x PP (homozygous dominant)
- Offspring Phenotype: yellow/purple
- Analysis: In this scenario, both parents are homozygous dominant contributing traits that are both dominant. Providing both phenotypes may suggest an integration of dominance showing **codominance**.
### Summary of Matches
- Trial **V**: Complete Dominance (light purple)
- Trial **W**: Complete Dominance (yellow)
- Trial **X**: Complete Dominance (purple/yellow)
- Trial **Y**: Complete Dominance (purple)
- Trial **Z**: Codominance (yellow/purple)
The matches of each trial with the types of dominance are as follows:
- Trial V: Complete Dominance
- Trial W: Complete Dominance
- Trial X: Complete Dominance
- Trial Y: Complete Dominance
- Trial Z: Codominance
(Note: The details of “complete dominance” might vary depending on the exact observed phenotypes in practice, so this analysis holds until phenotypic nuances are observed.)