Question

With your group, revisit sections of the text you marked during your first read. Annotate details that you notice.
What questions do you have? What can you conclude?
Close Read
CONCLUDE
Analyze the Text
CITE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE to support your answers.
• Notebook Complete the activities.
1. Review and Clarify With your group, reread the speech. What do you think the author means when he claims that "words do not pay"?
How does he use examples to support his claim?
2. Present and Discuss Share the passages from the text that you found important. Discuss what you noticed in the text, what questions you asked, and what conclusions you reached.
3. Essential Question: When is it right to take a stand? How is
Chief Joseph taking a stand? Do you think his reasons for doing so are legitimate? Discuss with your group.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
E STANDARDS
Reading Informational Text
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts.
Language
• Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
• Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
c. Distinguish among the connotations of words with similar denotations.
310 UNIT 3 • WHAT MATTERS
Concept Vocabulary misrepresentations
misunderstandings
Why These Words? The two concept vocabulary words from the text are related. With your group, discuss the words and identify a concept they have in common. How do these words enhance the impact of the text?
Practice
• Notebook Confirm your understanding of the concept vocabulary words by using each one in a sentence.
Word Study
© Notebook Old English Prefix: mis- The Old English prefix mis-means "opposite," "badly," or "wrongly." When added to a word, it creates an opposing or contrasting meaning. In his speech, Chief Joseph refers to "misrepresentations," or wrong representations, of Indians.
Using your knowledge of the prefix mis-, answer the following questions.
• What might happen if you have a miscommunication as to the time
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you are meeting a friend?
• What can happen if you misread the instructions for a recipe?

Answer 1

### Close Read
**Analyze the Text**

1. **Review and Clarify:**
- **"Words do not pay"** suggests that mere speech or promises cannot compensate for the loss and suffering experienced by Chief Joseph's people. The idea is that actions speak louder than words. He supports this claim by recounting the struggles and injustices faced by his people, illustrating how the promises made by the government have not been fulfilled.
- **Examples to Support Claim:** He uses personal experiences and historical contexts, citing broken treaties and the suffering endured by his people because of displacement and mistreatment.

2. **Present and Discuss:**
- **Important Passages:** Passages that highlight the feeling of betrayal by the government, such as: “I would rather die than be a coward.”
- **Noticed Details:** The emotional weight of Chief Joseph's words creates a powerful appeal to the audience's sense of justice.
- **Questions Raised:** How did the government's actions reflect on the treatment of Native Americans? What could have changed if treaties were honored?
- **Conclusions Reached:** Chief Joseph's speech carries a profound message about the importance of honoring one's word. It emphasizes the gap between promises and reality.

3. **Essential Question:**
- **When is it right to take a stand?** It is right to take a stand when injustice occurs and when one's rights or the rights of others are violated.
- **Chief Joseph's Stand:** He takes a stand against the injustices faced by his people by speaking out and seeking to return to his homeland rather than accept further oppression.
- **Legitimacy of Reasons:** His reasons are legitimate as they stem from a deep sense of injustice, loss, and a desire for dignity and respect for his people.

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### Language Development
- **Concept Vocabulary Discussion:**
- **Common Concept:** Both "misrepresentations" and "misunderstandings" relate to the theme of communication breakdowns. They highlight how interpretations or representations can be flawed, leading to greater issues such as conflict and injustice.
- **Impact of Words:** These words enhance the text by underscoring the theme of perception vs. reality and how misunderstandings can perpetuate stereotypes and injustices against Native Americans.

### Practice Sentences:
- **Misrepresentations:** The misrepresentations of Indigenous peoples in popular media contribute to harmful stereotypes that persist in society.
- **Misunderstandings:** Many misunderstandings arise from cultural differences that can either bridge or widen the gap between communities.

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### Word Study
- **Miscommunications:** If you have a miscommunication regarding the meeting time, you might end up waiting alone or missing your friend altogether.

- **Misreading Instructions:** If you misread the instructions for a recipe, you might end up with a completely different dish than intended or it may not turn out as expected, potentially ruining your meal.

This exercise helps to clarify the significance of accurate communication and representation, particularly in contexts related to culture and history.