Here are the answers to the provided questions:
Question 1:
Encomienda system
Explanation: The Encomienda system involved Spanish soldiers and settlers being granted the right to extract labor and tribute from Indigenous peoples in the Americas.
Question 2:
The British surrendered at the Siege of Yorktown
Explanation: The Siege of Yorktown in 1781 marked the last major battle of the American Revolution, and it occurred before the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
Question 3:
With cruelty and attempts to assimilate them
Explanation: European colonizers often treated Indigenous peoples harshly and sought to convert them to European ways of life.
Question 4:
The colonies were taxed more to cover the cost of Spain's conflict with Napoleon.
Explanation: Napoleon's invasion of Spain led to financial strains, resulting in increased taxation in the Spanish colonies to support the war effort.
Question 5:
Enlightenment ideas of equality
Explanation: The Haitian Revolution was significantly influenced by Enlightenment ideas, specifically notions of equality and human rights.
Question 6:
| Greek | Roman |
|--------------------------|-------------------|
| Democracy | Trial by Jury |
| | Checks and Balances |
| | Separation of Powers |
Explanation: Both Democracy and the concept of trial by jury have roots in Greek and Roman traditions, but checks and balances and separation of powers are more aligned with Roman governance.
Question 7:
France
Explanation: France took direct inspiration from the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights and has had periods of successful democracy.
Question 8:
| Haitian | French | American |
|--------------------------|---------------------------|----------------------------|
| Enslaved individuals seeking freedom | Enlightenment ideas of freedom and citizenship | Declaration of Independence |
| | Reign of Terror | Revolutionary War |
Note: Specific items were not listed in the prompt; this is a suggested classification.
Question 9:
High tariffs are placed on imported goods of foreign countries.
Explanation: This is a key characteristic of mercantilism, aiming to protect domestic industry and control trade.
Question 10:
To establish a government where power would be shared among representatives chosen by the people.
Explanation: The U.S. chose a republic to promote representative democracy rather than direct democracy.
Question 11:
The belief in natural rights
Explanation: The idea that individuals have inherent rights influenced the motives and justification for the American Revolution.
Question 12:
Emergence of egalitarian principles in government
Explanation: The French Revolution led to increased discussions and eventual implementations of egalitarian principles.
Question 13:
It demonstrated success against a colonial power.
Explanation: Latin American independence movements were inspired by the success of the American Revolution against British colonial rule.
Question 14:
To ensure no single branch of government becomes too powerful
Explanation: The separation of powers was implemented to create a system of checks and balances.
Question 15:
John Locke
Explanation: John Locke's ideas about natural rights heavily influenced Thomas Jefferson's writing in the Declaration of Independence.
Question 16:
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Explanation: Toussaint L’Ouverture played a crucial role in leading the Haitian Revolution against French colonial rule.
Question 17:
The abolition of slavery across all French territories
Explanation: The French Revolution had a global impact, leading initiatives towards the abolition of slavery in France and its territories.
Make sure to verify if additional context or details are necessary for some answers based on a specific curriculum or educational focus.