To find the combined water capacity of the two water towers, we need to add the two values together. We have:
- First tower: \( 7.35 \times 10^5 \) gallons
- Second tower: \( 9.78 \times 10^5 \) gallons
Since both numbers are expressed in scientific notation with the same exponent \( 10^5 \), we can simply add the coefficients:
\[ 7.35 + 9.78 = 17.13 \]
Now, we need to express \( 17.13 \) in scientific notation. To do this, we can convert \( 17.13 \) to \( 1.713 \times 10^1 \). Therefore, we have:
\[ 17.13 \times 10^5 = 1.713 \times 10^{5+1} = 1.713 \times 10^6 \]
So the combined water capacity of the two water towers in scientific notation is:
\[ \boxed{1.713 \times 10^6} \text{ gallons} \]