A dependent clause, also known as a subordinate clause, is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought. Because it cannot stand alone as a sentence, it depends on an independent clause to provide context and meaning.
For example, in the sentence "Although it was raining, we decided to go for a walk," the phrase "Although it was raining" is a dependent clause. It provides information but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. The independent clause "we decided to go for a walk" completes the thought.
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