The best question to guide an investigation that would help determine if the lichen is alive is:
D. Does the lichen change color?
This question can indicate metabolic activity, which is a characteristic of living organisms. Changes in color may suggest responses to environmental conditions, which is often a sign of life. In contrast, questions A and B address the presence of cells or atoms, which does not inherently indicate life, and question C deals with molecules and mass, which are not definitive indicators of life either.