An independent clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb and forms a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence.
A semicolon (;) is a punctuation mark used to connect closely related independent clauses or to separate items in a complex list. For example:
- Connecting independent clauses: "I have a big test tomorrow; I can't go out tonight."
- Complex list: "On our trip, we visited Paris, France; Rome, Italy; and Berlin, Germany."