The reason that the Missouri Compromise did not have lasting effects is that it relied on popular sovereignty.
While the Missouri Compromise attempted to address the issue of slavery in the territories, its reliance on popular sovereignty in later compromises, such as the Kansas-Nebraska Act, allowed citizens of new territories to decide the slavery issue for themselves. This led to significant conflict and violence, ultimately undermining the Compromise. Additionally, the limitations of the Compromise in terms of territory meant that as the U.S. expanded, new conflicts arose that the Missouri Compromise could not effectively address.
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