The note values represented by the symbols you mentioned are as follows:
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Triplets: A triplet is a group of three notes played in the time that normally would be taken by two notes of the same value. For example, a quarter note triplet would mean three notes played in the duration of a quarter note.
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Quarters: A quarter note is typically represented as one beat in 4/4 time. It is worth one quarter of a whole note.
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Eighths: An eighth note is worth half of a quarter note, meaning it is typically half a beat in 4/4 time. Two eighth notes equal one quarter note.
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Sixteenths: A sixteenth note is worth half of an eighth note, therefore it is a quarter of a beat in 4/4 time. Four sixteenth notes equal one quarter note.
In summary:
- Triplet: Group of three notes (value depends on the context, such as quarter note triplet, etc.)
- Quarter note: 1 beat
- Eighth note: 1/2 beat
- Sixteenth note: 1/4 beat
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