The true statement regarding the taxonomic system is:
The current taxonomic system is based on the Linnaean classification system.
The Linnaean system forms the foundation for modern taxonomy, although it has been expanded and refined with new information, such as evolutionary relationships (phylogenetics). The other statements are not true; for example, not all extinct species and living species have been cataloged. Charles Darwin contributed to the understanding of evolution, but he was not the primary creator of the taxonomic system.