The atomic number of an element is defined as the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It is denoted by the symbol \( Z \) and uniquely identifies the element. For example, hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 (one proton), while carbon has an atomic number of 6 (six protons). The atomic number also determines the element's position in the periodic table and its chemical properties. In neutral atoms, the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons, which balances the positive charge of the protons.
atomic number definition
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