Question
Glossary Terms from "2.5. Legacy of the Great Depression"
Mary McLeod Bethune
an African American educator appointed by Franklin Roosevelt as director of the African American division of the National Youth Administration
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
the tariff approved by Hoover to raise the tax on thousands of imported goods in the hope that it would encourage people to buy American-made products; the unintended result was that other nations raised their tariffs, further hurting American exports and worsening the global financial crisis
Mary McLeod Bethune
an African American educator appointed by Franklin Roosevelt as director of the African American division of the National Youth Administration
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
the tariff approved by Hoover to raise the tax on thousands of imported goods in the hope that it would encourage people to buy American-made products; the unintended result was that other nations raised their tariffs, further hurting American exports and worsening the global financial crisis
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
Here are the glossary terms explained along with additional context:
### Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) was a prominent African American educator, stateswoman, and civil rights activist. She founded the National Council of Negro Women and played a pivotal role in advocating for education and opportunities for African Americans, especially children. Appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the director of the African American division of the National Youth Administration (NYA), Bethune worked to provide educational and employment opportunities for young African Americans during the Great Depression. She was influential in shaping policies that aimed to uplift African American communities and reduce racial discrimination.
### Smoot-Hawley Tariff
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff, officially known as the Tariff Act of 1930, was a protectionist trade measure signed into law by President Herbert Hoover. This tariff sought to increase duties on numerous imported goods, intending to protect American industries by incentivizing consumers to purchase domestically produced items. However, the act had unintended consequences. Many countries retaliated by imposing their own tariffs on American goods, leading to a significant decline in international trade. This exacerbated the economic downturn during the Great Depression, causing further hardships for businesses and consumers, and is often cited as one of the contributing factors that deepened the economic crisis of the 1930s.
Both terms highlight critical aspects of the period, illustrating the efforts undertaken to address the challenges presented by the Great Depression and the complexities of economic policy during that time.
### Mary McLeod Bethune
Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) was a prominent African American educator, stateswoman, and civil rights activist. She founded the National Council of Negro Women and played a pivotal role in advocating for education and opportunities for African Americans, especially children. Appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the director of the African American division of the National Youth Administration (NYA), Bethune worked to provide educational and employment opportunities for young African Americans during the Great Depression. She was influential in shaping policies that aimed to uplift African American communities and reduce racial discrimination.
### Smoot-Hawley Tariff
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff, officially known as the Tariff Act of 1930, was a protectionist trade measure signed into law by President Herbert Hoover. This tariff sought to increase duties on numerous imported goods, intending to protect American industries by incentivizing consumers to purchase domestically produced items. However, the act had unintended consequences. Many countries retaliated by imposing their own tariffs on American goods, leading to a significant decline in international trade. This exacerbated the economic downturn during the Great Depression, causing further hardships for businesses and consumers, and is often cited as one of the contributing factors that deepened the economic crisis of the 1930s.
Both terms highlight critical aspects of the period, illustrating the efforts undertaken to address the challenges presented by the Great Depression and the complexities of economic policy during that time.