A hypothesis and a theory are both critical components of scientific inquiry, but they serve different purposes and are at different stages in the scientific process.
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Hypothesis:
- A hypothesis is a specific, testable statement or prediction about the relationship between variables. It is formulated based on observations and prior knowledge and is used as a starting point for further investigation.
- Example: If plants receive more sunlight, then they will grow taller compared to plants that receive less sunlight.
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Theory:
- A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence. A theory has withstood extensive testing and is supported by a substantial amount of data and research.
- Example: The theory of evolution explains the diversity of life on Earth through processes like natural selection and genetic drift, supported by extensive evidence from various scientific disciplines.
In summary, a hypothesis is an initial assumption that can be tested through experimentation, while a theory is a comprehensive explanation that has been validated through rigorous testing and evidence.
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