What effect did the ruling of Marbury v. Madison have on the power of the U.S. Supreme Court?

Question

Responses

It gave the Supreme Court the power to do what was "necessary and proper" to enforce laws.
It gave the Supreme Court the power to do what was "necessary and proper" to enforce laws.

It gave the Supreme Court the power to declare actions by the other two branches unconstitutional.
It gave the Supreme Court the power to declare actions by the other two branches unconstitutional.

It decreased the power of the Supreme Court by requiring judicial review decisions to be made by state courts.
It decreased the power of the Supreme Court by requiring judicial review decisions to be made by state courts.

It increased the power of the Supreme Court by declaring that court rulings could overrule the laws in the Constitution.

Answer 1

The correct response is:

It gave the Supreme Court the power to declare actions by the other two branches unconstitutional.

The ruling in Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review, which allows the Supreme Court to invalidate laws and actions of Congress and the President if they are found to be in conflict with the Constitution. This significantly enhanced the power of the Supreme Court as a co-equal branch of government.