Science 8 ● Semester A

Question

Virtual Lab
Waves Portfolio

Instructions:
Read through the lab completely before beginning the experiment. Check the Lab Rubric at the end of this document for grading.
Collect all necessary materials before beginning the lab.
Create a copy of this lab so you can fill it out as you go. Do not request editing access. You can print it and write on it, or you can make a copy in Google Docs or Microsoft Word.
Save a finished copy of this worksheet that includes your answers. Upload it into the Unit 2 Lesson 13 Waves Apply Dropbox in Connexus.
Reach out to your science teacher if you have any questions!
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Bending Light
Instructions: Carefully read the directions to complete the virtual tasks in order. Then answer each of the questions given.

I. Bending Light Intro:
→ Click the “Intro” tab.

→ Turn on the laser by clicking the red button. You will see the light getting reflected and refracted. Now move the laser pointer left and right by clicking and holding on the silver part and moving it.
→ Move the yellow protractor over the light. View the picture below for placement.

→ Move the laser so that the Angle of Incidence (light coming off the pointer) is 30°, just like in the picture above.
→ Enter the Angle of Refraction for 30° in the table below. Toggle between mediums on the right side of the simulation to change the mediums to help you complete the table below.

→ Maneuver the pointer for each Angle of Incidence listed in the table below and enter the angle of refraction for each angle of incidence.
→ Repeat steps #5 and #6 for each angle of incidence to help you complete the table below.

II. Bending Light Table:
1. What is the line in the picture below? (Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction, Absorption) explain to me ur answer

Angle of Incidence
Angle of Refraction
Air to Water
Air to Glass
Glass to Water
30°
°
°
°
45°
°
°
°
60°
°
°
°
90°
°
°
°

III. Bending Light Questions:
1. what is the line in the picture below? (reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption) your answer.
Type Answer HERE:

Type Answer HERE:

Type Answer HERE:

Sound Waves Lab
Instructions: Carefully read the directions to complete the virtual tasks in order. Then answer each of the questions given.

IV. Sound Waves: Pitch & Loudness Videos:
Watch the following Videos, Read the given information on wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, & then answer the questions following it. If you would like to try some of the labs given in the video, go for it.
Click Here for Video on Low & High Pitch
Click Here for Video on Loudness of Sound

→ Wavelength, Frequency, & Amplitude
In the realm of waves, such as light or sound, the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and amplitude plays a crucial role in understanding their characteristics. Wavelength refers to the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase, meaning they have the same position in their respective cycles. Frequency, on the other hand, represents the number of complete cycles or oscillations that a wave completes in a given time interval, typically measured in hertz (Hz). The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and vice versa. Amplitude, on the other hand, describes the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position. It determines the intensity or strength of the wave, with greater amplitudes conveying more energy. Consequently, these three properties are interconnected; a higher frequency wave will have a shorter wavelength and can carry more energy, resulting in a larger amplitude. Understanding the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and amplitude allows us to comprehend the behavior and characteristics of various waves in different contexts.

V. Sound Waves: Pitch & Loudness Questions:

1. What is the line in the picture below (Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction, Absorption) Explain your answer.
Type Answer HERE:
2. How does the phenomenon of refraction differ from that of reflection, and what are the key factors that influence the behavior of light in each process?
Type Answer HERE:
What happens the the angle of refraction as the medium becomes denser
Type Answer HERE:

VI. Analyzing the Data:
7. The pictures show three objects.

Which of the following correctly matches the letters with the names of the objects?
Type Answer HERE:

b.
c. d.

8. The table shows the densities of four substances.

Substance
Density (grams/centimeter3)
air
0.00123
water
1.00
steel
7.87
copper
8.96

Based on this information, in which substance is the speed of sound waves likely the greatest?
Air
Water
Steel
Copper

Type Answer HERE:

9. The table shows the speed of sound in three states of matter.

Material
Speed of Sound (meters/second)
air
330
water
1,500
glass
5,100

What happens to the speed of sound as it travels through a gas and into a solid?
The speed increases.
The speed decreases.
The speed increases and then decreases.
The speed decreases and then increases.

Type Answer HERE:
10. The diagram below shows a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Which of the following statements correctly explains the relationship between FM and AM radio waves?
FM radio waves carry less energy than AM radio waves. This is supported by the fact that FM radio waves have a shorter wavelength compared to AM radio waves.
FM radio waves carry less energy than AM radio waves. This is supported by the fact that FM radio waves have a longer wavelength compared to AM radio waves.
FM radio waves carry more energy than AM radio waves. This is supported by the fact that FM radio waves have a shorter wavelength compared to AM radio waves.
FM radio waves carry more energy than AM radio waves. This is supported by the fact that FM radio waves have a longer wavelength compared to AM radio waves.
Type Answer HERE:

VII. READING & EVIDENCE IN SCIENCE: Follow the instructions to open the required MyON Reading for this portfolio. Use the assigned book to help you answer the following questions.

11. The electromagnetic spectrum is divided into 7 main types of energy. List all 7 in order from lowest energy to highest energy. (pages 10-12)
Type Answer HERE:
12. What is one use for high energy gamma rays mentioned in the text? (page 12)
Type Answer HERE:

13. How did Sir Issac Newton use a prism to discover the colors of the visible light spectrum? (pages 13 - 15)
Type Answer HERE:

Virtual Lab Waves-
Grading Rubric
Scoring Rubric
Points

Bending Light Table

4 points
Student completes the Bending Light Table with accuracy & detail.
0-3 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.

/4

Bending Light Questions

3 points
Student completes the Bending Light Questions with accuracy & detail.
0-2 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.

/3

Sound Waves: Pitch & Loudness Questions

3 points
Student completes the Sound Waves: Pitch & Loudness Questions with accuracy & detail.
0-2 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.

/3

Analyzing the Data
4 points
Student completes the Analyzing the Data section correctly and accurately.
0-3 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.

/4

Analyzing Informational Text
3 points
Student read the text prompts and completed each question correctly and accurately. All is supported with evidence from the text.
0-2 points
Student did not complete or answer the questions correctly.

/3

Total ___ / 17
Portfolio Assignment in Science

Answer 1

Certainly! Below you can find a structured way to fill in your lab worksheet, based on the instructions given. Please note that for the experimental data (like angles of refraction), you would need to conduct the actual lab to obtain those values. I will guide you on how to respond based on the theoretical knowledge of light, sound waves, and their characteristics.

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I. Bending Light Intro:

1. What is the line in the picture below?
   • Type Answer HERE: The line in the picture represents Refraction. Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium to another and bends due to a change in speed.

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II. Bending Light Table:

You will need to complete this table with data gathered from your virtual lab. When you have the virtual lab open:

Fill in the angles of refraction (the angles would depend on the specific results from your simulation):

| Angle of Incidence | Angle of Refraction (Air to Water) | Angle of Refraction (Air to Glass) | Angle of Refraction (Glass to Water) | |-------------------|-------------------------------------|------------------------------------|--------------------------------------| | 30° | [Your data here] | [Your data here] | [Your data here] | | 45° | [Your data here] | [Your data here] | [Your data here] | | 60° | [Your data here] | [Your data here] | [Your data here] | | 90° | [Your data here] | [Your data here] | [Your data here] |

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III. Bending Light Questions:

1. What is the line in the picture below?

   • Type Answer HERE: The line represents Refraction.

2. How does the phenomenon of refraction differ from that of reflection, and what are the key factors that influence the behavior of light in each process?

   • Type Answer HERE: Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, while reflection is the bouncing back of light when it hits a surface. Key factors influencing refraction include the indices of refraction of the involved media and the angle of incidence. In contrast, reflection is influenced by the angle of incidence and the smoothness/roughness of the surface.

3. What happens to the angle of refraction as the medium becomes denser?

   • Type Answer HERE: As the medium becomes denser, the angle of refraction typically decreases (the light bends more towards the normal).

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IV. Analyzing the Data:

7. Which of the following correctly matches the letters with the names of the objects?

   • Type Answer HERE: [Respond based on the visuals given in your experiment.]

8. Based on this information, in which substance is the speed of sound waves likely the greatest?

   • Type Answer HERE: Copper. Speed of sound increases with density in solids.

9. What happens to the speed of sound as it travels through a gas and into a solid?

   • Type Answer HERE: The speed increases. Sound travels faster in solids compared to gases.

10. Which of the following statements correctly explains the relationship between FM and AM radio waves?

    • Type Answer HERE: FM radio waves carry more energy than AM radio waves. This is supported by the fact that FM radio waves have a shorter wavelength compared to AM radio waves.

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VII. READING & EVIDENCE IN SCIENCE:

11. List all 7 types of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum from lowest to highest energy:

• Type Answer HERE: Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays.

12. What is one use for high energy gamma rays mentioned in the text?

• Type Answer HERE: High energy gamma rays can be used in medical treatments, such as cancer radiotherapy.

13. How did Sir Isaac Newton use a prism to discover the colors of the visible light spectrum?

• Type Answer HERE: Sir Isaac Newton used a prism to demonstrate that white light is made up of multiple colors by passing sunlight through the prism and observing the spectrum of colors that emerged on the other side.

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Make sure to review the specific details and data from your virtual experiment for the best accuracy in your answers. Good luck with your Waves Portfolio!