The change: Introducing the invasive tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) significantly impacts coastal ocean ecosystems. Originally from the Indo-Pacific, these prawns are brought in to enhance local aquaculture but often escape and establish breeding populations in the wild.

Question

The ecosystem: the ocean

Describe how this change will affect at least 3 species in your ecosystem.

Answer 1

The introduction of the invasive tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) into coastal ocean ecosystems can have significant and far-reaching impacts on local species. Here are three species that could be affected:

1. Native Shrimp Species

Native shrimp species, such as the whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and other local crustaceans, are likely to face increased competition from tiger prawns. The tiger prawn can outcompete native shrimps for food and habitat due to its larger size, faster growth rate, and aggressive feeding behavior. This competition could lead to a decline in the populations of native shrimp species, which are essential in the food web and as a source of income for local fisheries.

2. Small Fish Species

Tiger prawns are voracious predators with a diverse diet that includes small fish, juvenile crustaceans, and other organisms. Their introduction may result in increased predation pressure on small fish species, such as juvenile snapper and other endemic fish that occupy similar ecological niches. This predation can disrupt local fish populations, potentially leading to declines in their numbers and altering the structure of the aquatic food web.

3. Coral Reef and Seagrass Ecosystems

Coral reefs and seagrass beds serve as vital habitats for many marine organisms, including fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic species. With the introduction of tiger prawns, the destabilization of prey populations may ultimately affect the health of these ecosystems. Increased predation can lead to imbalances in herbivorous fish populations, impacting algae growth on coral reefs. Algal overgrowth can smother corals, reducing their reproductive success and resilience, potentially leading to degraded reef ecosystems.

Conclusion

The invasion of tiger prawns can disrupt the native biodiversity and ecological balance within coastal ocean ecosystems. This leads to a cascading effect that may result in the decline of native species, altered food webs, and degraded habitats. The overall impact of this invasive species emphasizes the need for careful management and monitoring of aquaculture practices to prevent further ecological harm.