If two cells each undergo three rounds of mitosis, we can calculate the total number of cells produced as follows:
- Each cell divides into 2 cells in each round of mitosis.
- After one round of mitosis, each cell becomes 2 cells (2^1 = 2).
- After two rounds of mitosis, each cell becomes 4 cells (2^2 = 4).
- After three rounds of mitosis, each cell becomes 8 cells (2^3 = 8).
Since there are two starting cells, we multiply the result of the divisions by 2:
2 cells × 8 cells = 16 cells.
Thus, the answer is 16.