Question
Question 2
The building block of DNA, consisting of
a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate
group, and a nitrogenous base.
A double-stranded molecule that carries
genetic information.
The process of converting mRNA into a
protein at the ribosome.
A three-base sequence on tRNA that
pairs with an mRNA codon.
A thread-like structure in the cell nucleus
that contains DNA wrapped around
proteins called histones.
A version of a gene that codes for a
different phenotype of a trait
The molecules that make up the rungs of
the DNA ladder: Adenine (A), Thymine
(T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).
The process where DNA is copied into
mRNA in the nucleus.
A three-base sequence on mRNA that
codes for a specific amino acid.
A single-stranded nucleic acid involved in
protein synthesis.
A) Match the vocabulary term with the correct definition. (2 points)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Nucleotide Transcription RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Allele Chromosome Translation Nitrogenous Bases Codon
Question 3
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
A) Order the steps of Protein Synthesis (1 point)
Anticodon
Ribosome attaches to the mRNA DNA strand unwinds between the base pairs
Amino acids are linked together with peptide bonds
tRNA attaches amino acids to the mRNA strand
Question 4
Question 5
Viruses Bacteria
Made of cells
Respond to stimuli
Reproduce
Grow and develope
Evolve
Universal genetic code
A) Compare and Contrast Traits of Viruses and Bacteria. (1 point)
A) During the DNA Replication process, a cytosine base is replaced by a thymine base- what is
the result and what type of mutation occurs? (1 point)
Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in an insertion mutation
Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in a substitution mutation.
Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in a deletion mutation
Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in an inversion mutation
Question 6
Question 7
A) In incomplete dominance, if a red flower (RR) is crossed with a white flower (WW), what will be
the phenotype of the offspring? (1 point)
All offspring will be red.
All offspring will be white.
All offspring will be pink.
The offspring will have a mix of red, white, and pink flowers.
A) If a child inherits one allele for type A blood (IA) and one allele for type B blood (IB), and both
alleles are expressed, what type of inheritance pattern is this an example of? (1 point)
Dominant-recessive inheritance
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Polygenic inheritance
Question 8
A) Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that primarily affects males. Which of the following
statements best explains why females are less likely to express the trait.
(1 point)
When paired with a normal X, the affected x allele is masked (Xx), suppressing the trait. Since
females have only X alleles, the probability increases.
Females have an XY chromosome pair, so the trait is frequently expressed
Males without an affected x allele always express the trait (XY)
When paired with a normal X, the affected x allele is masked (Xx), suppressing the trait. Since
females have only X alleles, the probability decreases.
Question 9
25% Tall offspring
50% Tall offspring
25% short offspring
A)
According to the Punnett square, what are the probabilities of each resulting genotype/phenotype
when 2 heterozygous pea plants are crossed. Match the probability of the resulting phenotype to
the genotype.
(1 point)
TT tt Tt
Question 10
A)
Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce are looking to get some insight into any potential future offspring.
They completed the Punnett Square to determine potential hair and eye color combinations.
Taylor's gametes are on the left side of the square, Travis' are along the top. In this scenario,
Taylor has blue eyes and blonde hair, while Travis has brown eyes and brown hair.
Brown hair = B
Blonde hair = b
Brown eyes = W
Blue eyes = w
What percentage of their offspring will have blue eyes AND brown hair?
(1 point)
100%
75%
50%
0%
Question 11
Question 12
A) A scientist discovers a mutation in a DNA sequence that changes one base in a gene coding
for an enzyme. Which of the following would be the best way to determine if this mutation affects
the function of the enzyme? (1 point)
Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original sequence using a DNA database.
Predict the mRNA codon sequence that results from the mutation.
Examine how the mutation changes the amino acid sequence and test the enzyme’s activity in a lab.
Count the number of nucleotides in the mutated gene to see if any were added or deleted.
A)
A student is analyzing a strand of mRNA transcribed from a DNA sequence. The original DNA
sequence is TAC GGA TTT CGC. After a mutation, the DNA sequence changes to TAC GGA TTA
CGC.
What is the most likely effect of this mutation on the protein?
(1 point)
The entire amino acid sequence will shift, resulting in a completely different protein.
One amino acid may be changed, which could affect protein function.
The mutation will not affect the protein because DNA mutations do not impact translation.
The mutation will cause the ribosome to stop translating, producing no protein at all.
Question 13
A) A scientist inhibits the function of RNA polymerase in a cell. What is the most direct effect of
this inhibition? (1 point)
No DNA replication will occur.
The ribosome will be unable to assemble amino acids into a protein.
tRNA molecules will stop transporting amino acids.
The nuclear membrane will disassemble, preventing transcription.
Question 14
A)
A scientist is studying a mutation in a gene that changes an mRNA codon from GAA to UAA. Use
the codon chart below to determine how this mutation will likely affect the resulting protein.
How will this mutation most likely affect the protein?
(1 point)
The mutation will have no effect because both codons code for the same amino acid.
The mutation will cause translation to stop early, producing a shorter, likely nonfunctional protein.
The mutation will only change one amino acid, but the protein will function normally.
The mutation will cause the ribosome to skip the codon, continuing translation without interruption.
Question 15
A) In a dihybrid cross involving two traits (AaBb x AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of
the offspring, assuming both traits assort independently? (1 point)
9:3:3:1
1:1:1:1
3:1
1:2:1
The building block of DNA, consisting of
a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate
group, and a nitrogenous base.
A double-stranded molecule that carries
genetic information.
The process of converting mRNA into a
protein at the ribosome.
A three-base sequence on tRNA that
pairs with an mRNA codon.
A thread-like structure in the cell nucleus
that contains DNA wrapped around
proteins called histones.
A version of a gene that codes for a
different phenotype of a trait
The molecules that make up the rungs of
the DNA ladder: Adenine (A), Thymine
(T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).
The process where DNA is copied into
mRNA in the nucleus.
A three-base sequence on mRNA that
codes for a specific amino acid.
A single-stranded nucleic acid involved in
protein synthesis.
A) Match the vocabulary term with the correct definition. (2 points)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Nucleotide Transcription RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Allele Chromosome Translation Nitrogenous Bases Codon
Question 3
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
A) Order the steps of Protein Synthesis (1 point)
Anticodon
Ribosome attaches to the mRNA DNA strand unwinds between the base pairs
Amino acids are linked together with peptide bonds
tRNA attaches amino acids to the mRNA strand
Question 4
Question 5
Viruses Bacteria
Made of cells
Respond to stimuli
Reproduce
Grow and develope
Evolve
Universal genetic code
A) Compare and Contrast Traits of Viruses and Bacteria. (1 point)
A) During the DNA Replication process, a cytosine base is replaced by a thymine base- what is
the result and what type of mutation occurs? (1 point)
Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in an insertion mutation
Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in a substitution mutation.
Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in a deletion mutation
Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in an inversion mutation
Question 6
Question 7
A) In incomplete dominance, if a red flower (RR) is crossed with a white flower (WW), what will be
the phenotype of the offspring? (1 point)
All offspring will be red.
All offspring will be white.
All offspring will be pink.
The offspring will have a mix of red, white, and pink flowers.
A) If a child inherits one allele for type A blood (IA) and one allele for type B blood (IB), and both
alleles are expressed, what type of inheritance pattern is this an example of? (1 point)
Dominant-recessive inheritance
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Polygenic inheritance
Question 8
A) Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that primarily affects males. Which of the following
statements best explains why females are less likely to express the trait.
(1 point)
When paired with a normal X, the affected x allele is masked (Xx), suppressing the trait. Since
females have only X alleles, the probability increases.
Females have an XY chromosome pair, so the trait is frequently expressed
Males without an affected x allele always express the trait (XY)
When paired with a normal X, the affected x allele is masked (Xx), suppressing the trait. Since
females have only X alleles, the probability decreases.
Question 9
25% Tall offspring
50% Tall offspring
25% short offspring
A)
According to the Punnett square, what are the probabilities of each resulting genotype/phenotype
when 2 heterozygous pea plants are crossed. Match the probability of the resulting phenotype to
the genotype.
(1 point)
TT tt Tt
Question 10
A)
Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce are looking to get some insight into any potential future offspring.
They completed the Punnett Square to determine potential hair and eye color combinations.
Taylor's gametes are on the left side of the square, Travis' are along the top. In this scenario,
Taylor has blue eyes and blonde hair, while Travis has brown eyes and brown hair.
Brown hair = B
Blonde hair = b
Brown eyes = W
Blue eyes = w
What percentage of their offspring will have blue eyes AND brown hair?
(1 point)
100%
75%
50%
0%
Question 11
Question 12
A) A scientist discovers a mutation in a DNA sequence that changes one base in a gene coding
for an enzyme. Which of the following would be the best way to determine if this mutation affects
the function of the enzyme? (1 point)
Compare the mutated DNA sequence to the original sequence using a DNA database.
Predict the mRNA codon sequence that results from the mutation.
Examine how the mutation changes the amino acid sequence and test the enzyme’s activity in a lab.
Count the number of nucleotides in the mutated gene to see if any were added or deleted.
A)
A student is analyzing a strand of mRNA transcribed from a DNA sequence. The original DNA
sequence is TAC GGA TTT CGC. After a mutation, the DNA sequence changes to TAC GGA TTA
CGC.
What is the most likely effect of this mutation on the protein?
(1 point)
The entire amino acid sequence will shift, resulting in a completely different protein.
One amino acid may be changed, which could affect protein function.
The mutation will not affect the protein because DNA mutations do not impact translation.
The mutation will cause the ribosome to stop translating, producing no protein at all.
Question 13
A) A scientist inhibits the function of RNA polymerase in a cell. What is the most direct effect of
this inhibition? (1 point)
No DNA replication will occur.
The ribosome will be unable to assemble amino acids into a protein.
tRNA molecules will stop transporting amino acids.
The nuclear membrane will disassemble, preventing transcription.
Question 14
A)
A scientist is studying a mutation in a gene that changes an mRNA codon from GAA to UAA. Use
the codon chart below to determine how this mutation will likely affect the resulting protein.
How will this mutation most likely affect the protein?
(1 point)
The mutation will have no effect because both codons code for the same amino acid.
The mutation will cause translation to stop early, producing a shorter, likely nonfunctional protein.
The mutation will only change one amino acid, but the protein will function normally.
The mutation will cause the ribosome to skip the codon, continuing translation without interruption.
Question 15
A) In a dihybrid cross involving two traits (AaBb x AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of
the offspring, assuming both traits assort independently? (1 point)
9:3:3:1
1:1:1:1
3:1
1:2:1
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
Here are the answers to your questions, organized by number:
### Question 2: Match the Vocabulary Terms
1. Nucleotide: The building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): A double-stranded molecule that carries genetic information.
3. Transcription: The process where DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus.
4. Codon: A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
5. Chromosome: A thread-like structure in the cell nucleus that contains DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.
6. Allele: A version of a gene that codes for a different phenotype of a trait.
7. Nitrogenous Bases: The molecules that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).
8. Translation: The process of converting mRNA into a protein at the ribosome.
9. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): A single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.
10. Anticodon: A three-base sequence on tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon.
### Question 3: Order the Steps of Protein Synthesis
1. DNA strand unwinds between the base pairs.
2. Ribosome attaches to the mRNA.
3. tRNA attaches amino acids to the mRNA strand.
4. Amino acids are linked together with peptide bonds.
### Question 4: Compare and Contrast Traits of Viruses and Bacteria
- **Similarities**:
- Both can reproduce.
- Both can evolve.
- Both use a universal genetic code.
- **Differences**:
- Viruses are not made of cells, while bacteria are cellular organisms.
- Viruses do not respond to stimuli in the same way as bacteria do.
### Question 5: Mutation Result
- Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in a **substitution mutation**. (When a cytosine is replaced by a thymine, this is typically a point mutation affecting a single amino acid.)
### Question 6: Incomplete Dominance
- All offspring will be **pink**. (In incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the offspring is a blend of the parents’ phenotypes: red + white = pink.)
### Question 7: Inheritance Pattern
- This is an example of **Codominance**. (Both alleles are expressed equally.)
### Question 8: Hemophilia Explanation
- When paired with a normal X, the affected x allele is masked (Xx), suppressing the trait. Since females have two X alleles, the probability decreases.
### Question 9: Punnett Square Probabilities
1. **TT**: 25% Tall offspring
2. **Tt**: 50% Tall offspring
3. **tt**: 25% short offspring
### Question 10: Offspring Hair and Eye Color
- **0%** of their offspring will have blue eyes AND brown hair. (Since blue eyes are recessive and brown hair is dominant, no combination from the parents would allow for blue eyes with brown hair.)
### Question 11: Effect of DNA Mutation
- One amino acid may be changed, which could affect protein function. (The mutation conserves starting codon but changes one codon, impacting the resultant protein's amino acid sequence.)
### Question 12: Effect of RNA Polymerase Inhibition
- **No DNA replication will occur.** (RNA polymerase is required for transcription, thus inhibiting it will affect transcription.)
### Question 13: Effect of mRNA Codon Mutation
- The mutation will cause translation to stop early, producing a shorter, likely nonfunctional protein (UAA is a stop codon).
### Question 14: Expected Phenotypic Ratio in Dihybrid Cross
- The expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring is **9:3:3:1**. (This ratio is typical for a dihybrid cross involving two traits that assort independently.)
If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask!
### Question 2: Match the Vocabulary Terms
1. Nucleotide: The building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): A double-stranded molecule that carries genetic information.
3. Transcription: The process where DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus.
4. Codon: A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.
5. Chromosome: A thread-like structure in the cell nucleus that contains DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.
6. Allele: A version of a gene that codes for a different phenotype of a trait.
7. Nitrogenous Bases: The molecules that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).
8. Translation: The process of converting mRNA into a protein at the ribosome.
9. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid): A single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.
10. Anticodon: A three-base sequence on tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon.
### Question 3: Order the Steps of Protein Synthesis
1. DNA strand unwinds between the base pairs.
2. Ribosome attaches to the mRNA.
3. tRNA attaches amino acids to the mRNA strand.
4. Amino acids are linked together with peptide bonds.
### Question 4: Compare and Contrast Traits of Viruses and Bacteria
- **Similarities**:
- Both can reproduce.
- Both can evolve.
- Both use a universal genetic code.
- **Differences**:
- Viruses are not made of cells, while bacteria are cellular organisms.
- Viruses do not respond to stimuli in the same way as bacteria do.
### Question 5: Mutation Result
- Wrong amino acid is produced and attached to a protein resulting in a **substitution mutation**. (When a cytosine is replaced by a thymine, this is typically a point mutation affecting a single amino acid.)
### Question 6: Incomplete Dominance
- All offspring will be **pink**. (In incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the offspring is a blend of the parents’ phenotypes: red + white = pink.)
### Question 7: Inheritance Pattern
- This is an example of **Codominance**. (Both alleles are expressed equally.)
### Question 8: Hemophilia Explanation
- When paired with a normal X, the affected x allele is masked (Xx), suppressing the trait. Since females have two X alleles, the probability decreases.
### Question 9: Punnett Square Probabilities
1. **TT**: 25% Tall offspring
2. **Tt**: 50% Tall offspring
3. **tt**: 25% short offspring
### Question 10: Offspring Hair and Eye Color
- **0%** of their offspring will have blue eyes AND brown hair. (Since blue eyes are recessive and brown hair is dominant, no combination from the parents would allow for blue eyes with brown hair.)
### Question 11: Effect of DNA Mutation
- One amino acid may be changed, which could affect protein function. (The mutation conserves starting codon but changes one codon, impacting the resultant protein's amino acid sequence.)
### Question 12: Effect of RNA Polymerase Inhibition
- **No DNA replication will occur.** (RNA polymerase is required for transcription, thus inhibiting it will affect transcription.)
### Question 13: Effect of mRNA Codon Mutation
- The mutation will cause translation to stop early, producing a shorter, likely nonfunctional protein (UAA is a stop codon).
### Question 14: Expected Phenotypic Ratio in Dihybrid Cross
- The expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring is **9:3:3:1**. (This ratio is typical for a dihybrid cross involving two traits that assort independently.)
If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask!
There are no human answers yet. A form for humans to post answers is coming very soon!