The true statement regarding the taxonomic system is: The current taxonomic system is based on the Linnaean classification system.
The Linnaean system classifies organisms into hierarchical categories such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. While it has been modified and expanded upon over time, it serves as the foundation for modern taxonomy. The other statements regarding cataloging all living or extinct species and attributing the creation of the taxonomic system solely to Charles Darwin are false.