Question

Europe 1650-1815 Unit Test
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During the Scientific Revolution, viewpoints in Europe shifted from reliance on traditional authorities and religious explanations to an emphasis on observation, experimentation, and rational thought, leading to a greater trust in empirical evidence and the scientific method. This transformation fostered a spirit of inquiry and skepticism towards established doctrines, fundamentally altering perspectives on nature and humanity's place within it.




















Question
In 3–5 sentences, compare the causes and effects of constitutional monarchy in England with the causes and effects of absolute monarchy in Russia.(4 points)

Answer 1

The rise of constitutional monarchy in England was primarily caused by conflicts between Parliament and the monarchy, notably leading to the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution, which emphasized the importance of individual rights and limited government power. The effects included the establishment of a constitutional framework that balanced power between the monarchy and Parliament, fostering political stability and democratic governance. In contrast, the emergence of absolute monarchy in Russia, particularly under rulers like Peter the Great, was driven by the need for centralized control and modernization of the state to compete with European powers. The effects included a strong autocracy that suppressed dissent and limited the influence of the nobility, which ultimately contributed to social unrest and set the stage for future revolutions.