The primary difference between the democracy of the Athenian polis and the structure of the Roman Republic lies in the form and scope of political participation.
In the Athenian polis, democracy was direct and participatory, where eligible citizens (free male residents) had the right to vote on legislation and executive decisions directly in assemblies. Citizens actively engaged in discussions and decisions, reflecting a more grassroots level of political engagement.
In contrast, the Roman Republic had a representative system of government. Power was held by elected officials, such as senators and consuls, who were chosen by the citizens through a complex system of elections. While citizens could vote, the political structure was characterized by a more hierarchical and organized approach, including various assemblies and a Senate that represented the interests of the patrician (aristocratic) class.
In summary, Athenian democracy emphasized direct citizen involvement in governance, whereas the Roman Republic featured a representative system with elected officials and a stratified class structure.
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