The correct answer is: C. It united them in defense against the Crusaders.
The Crusades prompted a sense of unity among many Muslim kingdoms as they rallied together to defend against the common threat posed by the invading Crusaders.
Which of the following was an effect that the Crusades had on Muslim kingdoms?
A.
It led Muslims to fight each other in civil war.
B.
It started a reformation of the Muslim religion.
C.
It united them in defense against the Crusaders.
D.
It caused them to end most trade with the West.
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