Which reason best explains why areas of South Asia with arid climates aren't densely populated?

Question

The arid climates cannot support farming.
The arid climates contribute to low air quality from pollution.
Cities located in arid climates are negatively affected by floods from nearby rivers.
Monsoon rainfall produced in arid climates destroys settlements.

Answer 1

The reason that best explains why areas of South Asia with arid climates aren't densely populated is: The arid climates cannot support farming.

Arid regions typically have limited water resources, making it difficult to sustain agriculture, which is essential for supporting large populations. Without sufficient agricultural production, these areas struggle to support dense human settlements.