The two factors that most contribute to South Asia's high poverty rates are:
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Large populations - High population density can strain resources, limit access to education and employment opportunities, and exacerbate poverty levels.
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Unequal treatment of women - Gender inequality restricts women's access to education, employment, and healthcare, which can perpetuate cycles of poverty within families and communities.
Low population growth rates and the elimination of the caste system do not directly contribute to high poverty rates in the same way.